Fabrication of cell-laden electrospun hybrid scaffolds of alginate-based bioink and PCL microstructures for tissue regeneration

Tissue engineering scaffolds should provide appropriate mechanical properties and three-dimensional (3D) pore-structures to yield optimum cellular activities. Electrospun micro/nanofibers have been used widely in tissue engineering because of their high surface-area-to-volume ratio and structural similarity to extracellular matrix (ECM). However, low mechanical sustainability, low 3D shape-ability, and low cell infiltration have been major limitations to their use. In this work, we propose new hybrid scaffolds inter-layered with cell-laden electrospun fibers and poly(e-caprolactone) microstructures. To prepare the hybrid scaffolds, the electrospun fibrous structure should ensure adequate cell viability and stable fiber formation. Thus, we applied various concentrations of alginate and electric field strengths to determine optimal conditions for the cell-electrospinning process. The combination of cell-laden bioink (2 x 10(5) MG63 cells/mL, 2 wt% alginate, 2 wt% poly(ethylene oxide), and 0.7 wt% lecithin) and a 0.16 kV/mm electric field showed the highest cell viability and fiber formation in this process. Using these conditions and PCL microstructures, we can achieve mechanically stable hybrid scaffolds. The cells embedded in the fibrous structure were viable and proliferated. We report here the potential of the new cell-laden electrospun hybrid scaffolds, which may be appropriate for various tissue engineering applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.