Direct growth of single-chiral-angle tungsten disulfide nanotubes using gold nanoparticle catalysts

Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanotubes offer a unique platform to explore the properties of TMD materials at the one-dimensional limit. Despite considerable efforts thus far, the direct growth of TMD nanotubes with controllable chirality remains challenging. Here we demonstrate the direct and facile growth of high-quality WS2 and WSe2 nanotubes on Si substrates using catalytic chemical vapour deposition with Au nanoparticles. The Au nanoparticles provide unique accommodation sites for the nucleation of WS2 or WSe2 shells on their surfaces and seed the subsequent growth of nanotubes. We find that the growth mode of nanotubes is sensitive to the temperature. With careful temperature control, we realize similar to 79% WS2 nanotubes with single chiral angles, with a preference of 30 degrees (similar to 37%) and 0 degrees (similar to 12%). Moreover, we demonstrate how the geometric, electronic and optical properties of the synthesized WS2 nanotubes can be modulated by the chirality. We anticipate that this approach using Au nanoparticles as catalysts will facilitate the growth of TMD nanotubes with controllable chirality and promote the study of their interesting properties and applications.

Automated summary

We have successfully grown high-quality WS2 and WSe2 nanotubes on Si substrates using catalytic chemical vapour deposition with Au nanoparticles. The Au nanoparticles act as nucleation sites for the growth of WS2 or WSe2 shells, which subsequently seed the growth of nanotubes. We find that the growth mode of nanotubes is sensitive to temperature and have achieved around 79% WS2 nanotubes with single chiral angles, primarily at 30 degrees (approximately 37%) and 0 degrees (approximately 12%). Furthermore, we demonstrate the tunability of geometric, electronic, and optical properties of WS2 nanotubes through their chirality.