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Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Padmanee Sharma et al.
Summary: Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has significantly improved clinical outcomes and provided long-lasting benefits, including potential cure, for cancer patients. However, there are varying response rates and the need for predictive biomarkers to optimize patient selection. This review explores the underlying biology of anti-tumor immune response and resistance to ICT, discusses current challenges, and outlines strategies for subsequent clinical trials and combination therapies with ICT.
Review
Oncology
Daniel. E. Speiser et al.
Summary: Speiser and colleagues provide an overview of recent advances in understanding the biological roles of CD4(+) T cells in cancer immunology and their applications in immunotherapy. While most research in oncology has focused on CD8(+) T cells and the tumor microenvironment, recent progress has highlighted the importance of CD4(+) T cells as central players in innate and antigen-specific immune responses. Furthermore, they have been recognized as potent anti-tumor effector cells. This review summarizes the current state of CD4(+) T cells in cancer and their potential for improving cancer knowledge and therapies.
Article
Immunology
Spencer E. E. Brightman et al.
Summary: CD4(+) T cells have important roles in immune responses, either directly or through accessory cells such as CD8(+) T lymphocytes. While the role of NeoAg-specific CD8(+) T cells in cancer has been extensively studied, the role of NeoAg-specific CD4(+) T cells is less well understood.
Review
Immunology
Lucia Poncette et al.
Summary: The focus in cancer immunotherapy has mainly been on CD8 T cells, but CD4 T cells also play an important role in fighting against tumors, including directly killing cancer cells, inducing tumoricidal macrophages, inducing cellular senescence of cancer cells, destroying tumor vasculature through cytokine release, and assisting CD8 T cells. CD4 T cells have great potential for clinical application.
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Joshua R. Veatch et al.
Summary: This study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells infiltrating human melanoma and identified their phenotypes and functions. The expression of these tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells in the tumor microenvironment correlated with the transcriptional states of CD8(+) T cells and macrophages, maturation of B cells, and patient survival.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Giacomo Oliveira et al.
Summary: In this study, the phenotype and tumor specificity of CD4 (+) T cells infiltrating human melanoma specimens were analyzed in depth, revealing that melanoma cells can directly induce exhausted cytotoxic CD4 (+) T cells through recognition of HLA class II-restricted neoantigens and HLA class I-restricted tumor-associated antigens. CD4 (+) T regulatory (T-Reg) cells can be indirectly elicited through the presentation of tumor antigens via antigen-presenting cells. Interestingly, a large number of tumor-reactive CD4 (+) T-Reg clones were stimulated directly by HLA class II-positive melanoma and showed specificity for melanoma neoantigens. These findings suggest that the presentation of HLA class II-restricted neoantigens and direct engagement of immunosuppressive CD4 (+) T-Reg cells are favored mechanisms of immune evasion in HLA class II-positive melanoma.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amanda V. Finck et al.
Summary: This Review discusses the goals and challenges of cellular immunotherapy in cancer and outlines strategies to overcome these challenges, highlighting the importance of this field in the treatment of other diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qizhao Huang et al.
Summary: Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling can unleash tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in the tumor draining lymph nodes and enhance anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Benjamin C. Creelan et al.
Summary: Adoptive cell therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in combination with nivolumab showed potential safety and clinical activity in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, indicating a promising new treatment strategy for metastatic lung cancer.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephen T. Ferris et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eric Tran et al.
Review
Oncology
Luca Gattinoni et al.
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER
(2012)
