Galaxies in voids assemble their stars slowly

Galaxies in the Universe are distributed in a web-like structure characterized by different large-scale environments: dense clusters, elongated filaments, sheetlike walls and under-dense regions, called voids(1-5). The low density in voids is expected to affect the properties of their galaxies. Indeed, previous studies(6-14) have shown that galaxies in voids are, on average, bluer and less massive, and have later morphologies and higher current star formation rates than galaxies in denser large-scale environments. However, it has never been observationally proved that the star formation histories (SFHs) in voids are substantially different from those in filaments, walls and clusters. Here we show that void galaxies have had, on average, slower SFHs than galaxies in denser large-scale environments. We also find two main SFH types present in all the environments: 'short-timescale' galaxies are not affected by their large-scale environment at early times but only later in their lives; 'long-timescale' galaxies have been continuously affected by their environment and stellar mass. Both types have evolved more slowly in voids than in filaments, walls and clusters.

Automated summary

Galaxies in voids exhibit distinct properties compared to those in denser large-scale environments, such as being bluer, less massive, later in morphology, and having higher star formation rates. However, it has not been proven observationally that the star formation histories in voids differ substantially from other environments. This study reveals that void galaxies have undergone slower star formation histories on average compared to galaxies in filaments, walls, and clusters.