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Review
Allergy
Jennifer A. Dantzer et al.
Summary: The traditional approach for treating food allergies has been to avoid the offending food and use emergency medications if accidental exposures occur. However, the treatment landscape is evolving with the development of various approaches. This report discusses past, present, and future clinical trials for food allergy treatment, focusing on participant characteristics, protocol design, and study endpoints. It also provides recommendations for optimizing trial design and addressing unmet needs in this rapidly evolving field.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Dorothea Terhorst-Molawi et al.
Summary: In this study, Barzolvolimab showed good tolerability and demonstrated significant reduction in skin mast cells and circulating tryptase levels in patients with chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU). It also improved disease control and quality of life in clinical settings.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Esther B. Florsheim et al.
Summary: In addition to protecting the body from pathogens, the immune system can also affect behavior. In this study using mouse models of food allergy, it was found that allergic sensitization leads to antigen-specific avoidance behavior. The avoidance of allergens activates certain brain areas involved in aversive stimuli response. IgE antibodies and mast cells are necessary for allergen avoidance, and cysteinyl leukotrienes and growth and differentiation factor 15 play a role in promoting avoidance. Genetic background also influences avoidance behavior. These findings suggest that antigen-specific behavioral modifications may have evolved to avoid unfavorable environments.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas Plum et al.
Summary: The physiological functions of mast cells are not well understood. Mast cells are involved in type 2 immunity and promote allergic diseases through the interaction with immunoglobulin E (IgE). However, allergic symptoms may also facilitate the elimination of allergens, toxins, and parasites and trigger future antigen avoidance. In this study, mast cells were found to be crucial for antigen-specific avoidance behavior in inbred mice. This behavior prevented immune activation and inflammation in the stomach and small intestine. Antigen avoidance was dependent on IgE and regulated by Th2 cytokines in the immunization phase and by IgE in the execution phase. Mucosal mast cells quickly detected the ingestion of antigens. Multiple signaling pathways between mast cells and the brain were identified. Inhibition of leukotriene synthesis impaired avoidance, but no single pathway interruption completely abolished it, suggesting complex regulation. Overall, antigen avoidance mediated by mast cells may play an important role in preventing immunopathology and repeated ingestion of toxins.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Qing-Ao Xiao et al.
Summary: Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, has been found to be significantly correlated with glucolipid metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. The recently discovered receptor GFRAL has been shown to regulate energy homeostasis and have positive effects on appetite suppression, metabolic enhancement, and vascular remodeling. Therefore, GDF-15 holds potential as a therapeutic target for glucolipid metabolic disorders and vascular diseases.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
M. Sabouraud et al.
Summary: FA-OIT is a promising treatment for persistent and severe food allergies in children, aiming to increase the reactive threshold of allergic patients to enable them to ingest a target quantity of allergen without reaction. While successful in desensitization, the treatment also presents side effects and safety concerns, necessitating patient and family training to manage reactions.
ARCHIVES DE PEDIATRIE
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Martin Hadamitzky et al.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2020)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Samuel M. Lockhart et al.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Peter Valent et al.
