Alizarin, an Agonist of AHR Receptor, Enhances CYP1A1 Enzyme Activity and Induces Transcriptional Changes in Hepatoma Cells

Article Toxicology

Identification and characterization of potent, selective, and efficacious inhibitors of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1

Carmine S. Leggett et al.

Summary: The study identifies potent, selective, and efficacious inhibitors of human NAT1, with compound 10 and Alizarin showing promising effects in inhibiting NAT1 and potentially reducing breast cancer metastasis.

ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Application of Microalgal Physiological Response as Biomarker for Evaluating the Toxicity of the Textile Dye Alizarin Red S

Abarna Krishna Moorthy et al.

Summary: Textile dyes pose an increasing threat to the environment. This study investigates the toxicity of the dye Alizarin Red S on two freshwater microalgae. The results show that the growth inhibition rate, pigment content, and protein content of the microalgae decrease with the increase in dye concentration.

BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Visualization of the distribution of anthraquinone components from madder roots in rat kidneys by desorption electrospray ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry imaging

Yuji Ishii et al.

Summary: The study investigated the carcinogenicity of a natural dye called Madder color (MC) in the kidneys of rats. By using DESI-MSI, the researchers were able to visualize the distribution of MC components and metabolites in the kidneys. They found that two specific components, lucidin and rubiadin, were responsible for the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of MC in the outer stripe of outer medulla (OSOM) in the kidneys. The study suggests that DESI-MSI analysis can be a powerful tool for exploring the mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Oncology

Identification of the Putative Tumor Suppressor Characteristics of FAM107A via Pan-Cancer Analysis

Dehua Ou et al.

Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the expression and function of FAM107A in 33 types of tumors based on the TCGA database. The findings revealed that FAM107A is down-regulated in most cancers and is associated with poor overall survival and progression-free survival. Additionally, FAM107A expression was found to be related to myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration. Experimental results also suggested that FAM107A may play a potential role in cancer by influencing cell adhesion and the cAMP signaling pathway.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Phytopigment Alizarin Inhibits Multispecies Biofilm Development by Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans

Jin-Hyung Lee et al.

Summary: Alizarin efficiently inhibits multispecies biofilm formation by acne-causing bacteria without inhibiting bacteria growth. It increases the hydrophilicities of bacterial cells, reduces enzyme production, and inhibits bacterial aggregation. Alizarin also enhances the antibiofilm efficacy when used in combination with antibiotics. Furthermore, it prevents biofilm development by acne-causing bacteria on animal skin.

PHARMACEUTICS (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Alizarin, a nature compound, inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells by abrogating NF-κB activation

Zihang Xu et al.

Summary: The natural compound alizarin has been found to possess potent natural reductive NF-kappa B activity, which can inhibit pancreatic cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis. It can also enhance the antitumor capability when combined with gemcitabine. Alizarin may have a role in reversing gemcitabine resistance caused by overactivated NF-kappa B in clinical application in the future.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

How the AHR Became Important in Cancer: The Role of Chronically Active AHR in Cancer Aggression

Zhongyan Wang et al.

Summary: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) was initially studied for its role in environmental chemical toxicity, but further research has revealed it to be a key regulator of malignant cell progression and cancer aggression.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Toxicology

Anthraquinones inhibit cytochromes P450 enzyme activity in silico and in vitro

Yitong Liu et al.

Summary: This study identified inhibitors of five major CYP isoforms among 22 anthraquinones using in silico and in vitro methods, with most of the anthraquinones showing potent inhibition of CYP1A2. Specifically, emodin, rhein, and aloe-emodin were found to inhibit multiple CYP activities in human liver microsomes, potentially leading to in vivo inhibition due to their high plasma concentrations. These results enable rapid identification of potential CYP inhibitors and prioritize future in-depth studies.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Studies on the photofading of alizarin, the main component of madder

Hui-Yu Jiang et al.

Summary: The study explored the photo-fading progress of alizarin-dyed fabrics, revealing the photodegradation mechanism of natural dyes, as well as the impact of pre-mordant and liquid rate on the fading process.

DYES AND PIGMENTS (2021)

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Article Genetics & Heredity