期刊
MOLECULES
卷 28, 期 16, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166127
关键词
hydrogen atom transfer; functionalisation; radicals; photoredox; electrochemistry; catalysis
The functionalisation of C-H bonds has been a significant advancement in synthetic methodology, allowing for new retrosynthetic disconnections and providing simple synthetic equivalents for synthons. Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) has emerged as a powerful synthetic tool, thanks to recent developments in photoredox catalysis and electrochemistry. These developments have enabled the introduction of various functional groups into C-H bonds and the development of more site-selective protocols.
The functionalisation of C-H bonds has been an enormous achievement in synthetic methodology, enabling new retrosynthetic disconnections and affording simple synthetic equivalents for synthons. Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is a key method for forming alkyl radicals from C-H substrates. Classic reactions, including the Barton nitrite ester reaction and Hofmann-Loffler-Freytag reaction, among others, provided early examples of HAT. However, recent developments in photoredox catalysis and electrochemistry have made HAT a powerful synthetic tool capable of introducing a wide range of functional groups into C-H bonds. Moreover, greater mechanistic insights into HAT have stimulated the development of increasingly site-selective protocols. Site-selectivity can be achieved through the tuning of electron density at certain C-H bonds using additives, a judicious choice of HAT reagent, and a solvent system. Herein, we describe the latest methods for functionalizing C-H/Si-H/Ge-H bonds using indirect HAT between 2018-2023, as well as a critical discussion of new HAT reagents, mechanistic aspects, substrate scopes, and background contexts of the protocols.
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