Correlation of serum HMGB1 and HMGB2 levels with clinical symptoms in allergic rhinitis children

This research aimed to explore the serum high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and high-mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) levels in allergic rhinitis (AR) children and its correlation with clinical results. This present prospective observational study enrolled 179 AR children and 100 healthy children who came to our hospital during October 2020 to August 2022. The serum HMGB1, HMGB2, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 beta, interferon-gamma, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic and clinical statistics including age, body mass index (BMI), sex, diastolic blood pressure, SBP, family history of allergy, Visual Analogue Score (VAS) and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire were collected. All data used SPSS 18.0 to statistical analyses. The proportion of family history of allergy was obviously higher in the AR group than that in the healthy group. The serum levels of HMGB1, HMGB2 and cytokines were remarkably enhanced in the AR patients. Spearman analysis supported that positive correlation existed among the HMGB1, HMGB2, CRP, IL-6 and IL-1 beta levels. Serum IL-6, CRP, HMGB2, IL-1 beta, VAS score and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire score levels were significantly higher and serum interferon-gamma levels were significantly lower in the HMGB1 high expression group. Similar results were found in in the HMGB2 high group compared to the HMGB2 low group. In addition, HMGB1 and HMGB2 could be potential diagnostic biomarkers of AR patients. Finally, we found that HMGB1, HMGB2, IL-6, IL-1 beta, and family history of allergy were the risk factors for AR. This study showed that the serum HMGB1 and HMGB2 levels was remarkably enhanced in AR patients and closely associated with cytokines. This study may provide new targets and a comprehensive approach for the treatment of AR patients.

Automated summary

This study investigated the serum levels of HMGB1 and HMGB2 in allergic rhinitis (AR) children and their correlation with cytokines. The findings suggest that HMGB1 and HMGB2 could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers and may provide new targets and a comprehensive approach for the treatment of AR patients.