Elucidating the extreme anisotropy in the J-integral value of commercially pure titanium

Extensive multivariant twinning and higher GND-density in TD-RD than RD-ND orientation cause extreme Jintegral anisotropy in CP-Ti. Furthermore, c-axis nearly parallel to crack propagation exhibits dominating fluted voids by extensive prismatic slip, while c-axis perpendicular to crack propagation shows flat and fluted voids by dominating multivariant twinning and slip in determining CP-Ti fracture toughness.

Automated summary

Extensive multivariant twinning and higher GND-density in TD-RD orientation lead to extreme Jintegral anisotropy in CP-Ti. Moreover, the c-axis nearly parallel to crack propagation exhibits dominating fluted voids caused by extensive prismatic slip, while the c-axis perpendicular to crack propagation shows flat and fluted voids caused by dominating multivariant twinning and slip, determining the fracture toughness of CP-Ti.