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Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiangyan Yuan et al.
Summary: This study presents a novel big-data algorithm that utilizes energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) data to analyze lunar basalts. The algorithm classifies each point based on average composition and recalculates the true density per mineral, providing more accurate bulk composition results. Tests on a lunar mineral database and certified reference minerals demonstrate the accuracy and precision of the algorithm. Measurements on a known lunar meteorite sample confirm the reliability of the algorithm. Application of the algorithm to Chang'E-5 basalts reveals distinct low-Ti and low-Mg features.
ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Rui Chang et al.
Summary: China's CE5 mission obtained lunar soil samples and in situ spectra, enabling comparison with laboratory analysis of the same sample. Reflectance spectra measurements of the CE5 soil and two size fractions (<45 and 45-355 μm) at various phase angles revealed that in situ photometric experiments are necessary for spectral exploration on the Moon. The <45-μm fraction showed closer scattering properties to the in situ spectral data, suggesting it may be more representative of pristine lunar soil.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yun Jiang et al.
Summary: The CE-5 samples from the Chang'E 5 mission are the youngest lunar basalts discovered so far and offer insights into the late lunar evolution. A study combining Fe and Mg isotope analyses with petrology and mineralogy of two CE-5 basalt clasts reveals a hybrid mantle source that incorporates early- and late-stage lunar magma ocean cumulates. This finding challenges previous theories and highlights the role of late lunar magma ocean cumulates in the generation of young lunar volcanism.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Biji Luo et al.
Summary: The lunar basalt samples returned by the Chang'e-5 mission originated from an olivine-bearing pyroxenite mantle source. Through high-degree fractional crystallization, these magmas accumulated and evolved at the top of the lithospheric mantle before rapidly erupting onto the surface.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Samuele Boschi et al.
Summary: China's Chang'e-5 mission successfully returned lunar material from the Oceanus Procellarum region, which has young ages similar to 2.0 Ga. A comprehensive investigation was conducted on a CE-5 basalt clast, revealing a low-Ti basalt end-member with peculiar mineral composition dominated by pigeonite. Despite these peculiarities, the dating results are consistent with other CE-5 samples. This study concludes that the lunar basalts obtained from the CE-5 mission originated from a low-Ti mare basalt-type source.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Heng-Ci Tian et al.
Summary: This study investigates the petrogenesis of Chang'E-5 young mare basalts by analyzing the chemical compositions of plagioclase. The results show large variations in major and trace element concentrations in plagioclase, indicating an extensive fractional crystallization process. The estimated melt compositions reveal a low-Ti and non-KREEP origin for the Chang'E-5 basalts.
AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heng-Ci Tian et al.
Summary: This study investigates the mineralogy and geochemistry of lunar basalts from the Chang'e-5 mission, revealing limited magma recharge or shallow-level assimilation in most crystals. Thermal modeling shows an enhanced magmatic flux around 2 billion years ago, suggesting episodic eruptions at the final stage could have above average eruptive fluxes, revising models of lunar thermal evolution.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Di Zhang et al.
Summary: China's Chang'E-5 mission has provided new samples from the Moon, which have led to a reassessment of the lunar volcanic activity. The study shows that the Chang'E-5 basalts are low-Ti type, challenging previous understanding of the moon's thermal and magmatic evolution. This finding is significant for our understanding of the moon's geological history.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yun Jiang et al.
Summary: In this study, a basalt sample collected from China's Chang'E-5 mission was analyzed using state-of-the-art techniques. The results revealed the petrology and mineralogy of the sample, which showed similarities to high-Ti basalts from the Apollo and Luna missions. This study provides important evidence for the geological context at the Chang'E-5 landing site.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Xiaohui Fu et al.
Summary: The Chang'E-5 mission successfully returned 1731 g of lunar soil and conducted a comparative study with Apollo and Luna soils, revealing similarities in mineralogy and geochemistry. The CE-5 soil represents a unique type of mare soil with high-FeO, intermediate-TiO2, and elevated incompatible elements. It expands the diversity of lunar samples and provides additional calibration soils for lunar remote sensing. The study also suggests a fractional crystallization history for the CE-5 mare basalt, similar to the Apollo high-Ti basalts.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Keqing Zong et al.
Summary: The chemical composition study of CE-5 lunar soil shows that its major and trace elements are uniform and representative of the underlying basalt; CE-5 soil differs from basalt and soils returned by Apollo and Luna missions, but the depletion of volatile or siderophile elements in their mantle sources is comparable; The mantle source of CE-5 basalt may contain KREEP components, likely as trapped interstitial melts.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Haijun Cao et al.
Summary: Through detailed Raman spectroscopic analysis, the mineralogical characteristics of CE-5 soils were evaluated, showing distinct differences in mineral chemistry and modal abundance compared to Apollo rocks, possibly representing a new type of mare basalt. The presence of minor Mg-rich materials suggests contamination from exogenous sources, and micrometeorite reworking dominates the regolith evolution of CE-5 soils.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Spectroscopy
Ding-Shuai Xue et al.
Summary: Herein, an improved wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) analytical technique was developed for determining the major elements in precious geological samples, particularly extraterrestrial basaltic rock samples. The method involved the preparation of undersized glass disks, construction of calibration curves, investigation of various factors, validation using synthetic reference glass samples and certified reference materials, and comparison with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy results. The proposed method showed great application potential, especially for precious samples like lunar soil samples.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Qi He et al.
Summary: This study investigates lunar mare basalts through the analysis of samples returned by the Chang'e-5 mission. The results reveal different characteristics and levels of evolution in these basaltic samples. Thermodynamic modeling suggests that these basalts were formed under low pressure and reduced conditions.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yazhou Yang et al.
Summary: The Chang'e-5 mission has successfully returned samples from a younger lunar site. The analysis of the samples reveals a more complex geological evolution than previously thought. Laboratory spectral measurement helps refine our understanding of the landing region and provides important input for the interpretation of thermal remote sensing data of the Moon.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bin Su et al.
Summary: The Chang'E-5 mission has revealed that volcanic activity on the Moon continued until two billion years ago, which is younger than previously thought. It is still unclear how the Moon retained enough heat to drive late-stage volcanism. However, simulations suggest that the presence of fusible components could have triggered young volcanism by lowering the mantle melting point. The returned basalts from the CE5 mission support this mechanism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sen Hu et al.
Summary: This study analyzed samples returned from the surface of the Moon to reveal the water content and hydrogen isotope compositions of the Moon's youngest volcanic activities. The results suggest that the Moon's youngest volcanism was not driven by abundant water in its mantle source, but rather by previous volcanic activities causing dehydration of the mantle.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qiu-Li Li et al.
Summary: The study reports the youngest crystallization age of lunar basalts obtained through radiometric dating, extending the duration of lunar volcanic activity and providing a crucial calibration point for crater-counting chronology in the inner Solar System, shedding light on the volcanic and thermal history of the Moon.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaochao Che et al.
Summary: By analyzing the youngest basalt lavas on the Moon, scientists have determined their age to be 1963 million years. This finding provides important constraints on the formation history and thermal evolution of the Moon. Additionally, there is no evidence for high concentrations of heat-producing elements in the deep mantle of the Moon, suggesting the need for alternative mechanisms to explain the continuous formation of lunar magmatism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heng-Ci Tian et al.
Summary: The study of basalt clasts from the PKT returned by Chang'e-5 mission reveals that these two-billion-year-old basalts are not derived from KREEP mantle source, but produced high abundances of rare-earth elements and thorium through low-degree partial melting and extensive fractional crystallization. This suggests that the KREEP association may not be a prerequisite for young mare volcanism, indicating a more sustained cooling history of the lunar interior to generate the Moon's youngest melts.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
James J. Papike et al.
AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
(2019)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Shaolin Li et al.
METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
(2016)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
K. H. Joy et al.
METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
(2014)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Stephen M. Elardo et al.
METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
(2014)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Katharine L. Robinson et al.
METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
(2012)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lars E. Borg et al.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2009)
Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
J. J. Papike et al.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2009)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
LE Borg et al.