Production and Reconfiguration of Double Emulsions by Temperature Control

Double emulsions are of great importance for both science and engineering. However, the production of multicore double-emulsion droplets is challenging and normally requires sophisticated microfluidic devices, which limits their availability to broader communities. Here, we propose a simple, precise, and scalable batch method for producing double emulsions with monodispersed multicores at milliliter per minute rates, using the most common means in laboratory, temperature. By rapidly cooling liquid crystal emulsions, the introduced temperature gradient around the emulsion droplets leads to the injection of monodispersed guest droplets to form double-emulsion droplets. The number of injected water droplets can be precisely controlled by adjusting the thermally induced mechanical force through the temperature difference and the cooling rate. In contrast to conventional microfluidic fabrication, this method processes all emulsion droplets simultaneously in a noncontact and in situ manner. Therefore, it has great flexibility, allows multiple processing of double emulsions of arbitrary shape, has good capacity for mass production, and offers excellent compatibility with technologies such as microfluidics. Finally, we demonstrate that temperature changes can also be used to release the inner droplets from the double emulsion. The proposed method offers a reversible tool for processing double emulsions with minimal cost and expertise and is applicable to droplet-based microsystems in materials science, photonics, sensors, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology.

Automated summary

This study proposes a simple, precise, and scalable batch method for producing double emulsions with monodispersed multicores, using temperature as the main factor. The method allows for simultaneous processing of all emulsion droplets, has great flexibility, good production capacity, and compatibility with microfluidic technologies. It also offers a reversible tool for processing double emulsions with minimal cost and expertise.