Correlation and thermal conductivity sensitivity analysis of ternary hybrid nanofluids containing CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The use of substandard nanofluids (NFs) in various industries causes the depreciation of industrial parts and shortens the life of the parts. Therefore, the researchers in this study will help to improve the performance of industrial equipment by preparing and examining a special hybrid nanofluid (HNF). The current research is divided into two experimental and theoretical parts. First, a ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) with three nanoparticles (NPs) CuO, MWCNT and TiO2 with specific ratios and solid volume fraction (SVF) in water was prepared and produced. Then, the thermal conductivity (TC) of the produced nanofluid (NF) is measured by KD2 pro at different temperatures and SVFs. The results show that temperature and SVF are directly related to thermal conductivity enhancement (TCE). The maximum TC of the desired THNF is equal to 35.60% at SVF=1.65% and T=50 & DEG;C. In the theory part, using the response surface method (RSM), a very accurate correlation relationship R-2=0.9986 is provided. Also, the sensitivity of relative thermal conductivity (RTC) to changes of +10% SVF is presented, and the maximum deviation for the studied THNF is equal to 0.95%.

Automated summary

This study aims to improve the performance of industrial equipment by preparing and examining a special hybrid nanofluid. The results show that temperature and solid volume fraction have a direct impact on thermal conductivity enhancement. The experiment provides a very accurate correlation relationship and the maximum deviation for the studied THNF is only 0.95%.