4.4 Review

Current progress of electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane fuel cells

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Structural Insights into Multi-Metal Spinel Oxide Nanoparticles for Boosting Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis

Jiheon Kim et al.

Summary: Multi-metal oxide (MMO) materials have potential in catalyst design. However, understanding the (electro)catalytic activity of MMOs is limited due to their complex multi-element nature. This study synthesized uniform-sized multi-metal spinel oxide nanoparticles and systematically studied the contributions of each element to enhance the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity.

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Pyrrolic N wrapping strategy to maximize the number of single-atomic Fe-Nx sites for oxygen reduction reaction

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Summary: This study developed a strategy to increase the number of Fe-N-x active sites in Fe-N-C catalysts by enhancing the electrostatic interactions. By dispersing pyrrolic N-rich carbon (pNC) on the surface of a metal-organic framework (MOF), the number of active sites on the derived hollow carbon framework dramatically increased. The synthesized catalysts were applied in an anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) and exhibited satisfactory performance in terms of current density and power density.

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Summary: In this study, a novel single-atom fine-tailoring strategy based on a highly hydrophilic Mo-bifunctional promoter was proposed to greatly boost the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) on Pt catalysts. The designed Mo-Pt/NC exhibited remarkable mass-specific kinetic current and superior anti-CO poisoning capability.

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Nonprecious transition metal nitrides as efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysts for alkaline fuel cells

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Summary: This study reports on a new type of nonprecious transition metal nitrides as ORR electrocatalysts in alkaline medium. The research found that the air-exposed nitrides spontaneously form a oxide shell, providing a highly active catalyst architecture. The carbon-supported cobalt nitride catalyst exhibited high half-wave potential and peak power density.

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Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Oxidation in Alkaline Media: From Mechanistic Insights to Catalyst Design

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Summary: This review discusses the challenges and solutions in catalyst design and performance optimization of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells, focusing mainly on the research of anodic catalysts and emphasizing the unclear mechanism of alkaline HOR and the importance of antioxidation capability.

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Facet-Defined Strain-Free Spinel Oxide for Oxygen Reduction

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An efficient nickel hydrogen oxidation catalyst for hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells

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Summary: In this study, an interface-engineered porous Pt-PdO-N-doped carbon composite was synthesized for the hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction (HER/HOR) in both acidic and alkaline media. The catalyst showed outstanding performance and durability in both media, with higher performance than commercial Pt/C catalyst.

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Jae Young Jung et al.

Summary: Hierarchical pore structure is crucial for effective mass transfer and utilization of active sites in single-metal atom catalysts. A strategy involving thermal and ammonia annealing was developed to generate hierarchical porous structure and enhance the catalytic activity of Co-N-x sites on carbon nanohorns. Experimental results showed that this strategy achieved remarkably high power density in commercialized membrane electrode assemblies.

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Atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: from synthesis strategies to activity engineering

Dan Wang et al.

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Interface engineering of in-situ formed nickel hydr(oxy)oxides on nickel nitrides to boost alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis

Jin-Tao Ren et al.

Summary: In this study, highly efficient Ni3N-Ni(OH)(2) heterostructures were developed through interface engineering, showing impressive HOR and HER performance in alkaline electrolytes, which hold great potential for various applications.

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Tofu-derived heteroatom-doped carbon for oxygen reduction reaction in an anion exchange membrane-fuel cell

Kyungmin Im et al.

Summary: This study develops a method to generate metal-nitrogen-carbon sites by separating proteins from soy milk using a coagulant containing transition metals. The prepared tofu-derived catalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance.

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Alloying Nickel with Molybdenum Significantly Accelerates Alkaline Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

Miao Wang et al.

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Fuel cell application in the automotive industry and future perspective

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Recent Advances in Electrode Design Based on One-Dimensional Nanostructure Arrays for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

Shangfeng Du

Summary: 1D Pt-based electrocatalysts demonstrate excellent catalytic activities and stability in the oxygen reduction reaction. Research on 3D ordered electrodes has shown potential for high-performance PEMFCs, while addressing mass transfer and durability challenges of Pt/C nanoparticle electrodes.

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Subnanometer high-entropy alloy nanowires enable remarkable hydrogen oxidation catalysis

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Maximizing the Active Site Densities of Single-Atomic Fe-N-C Electrocatalysts for High-Performance Anion Membrane Fuel Cells

Subin Park et al.

Summary: The study introduces a simple and effective strategy to maximize active site density using a ZnCl2 activation method, applied to metal organic framework-derived Fe-N-C catalyst, showing superior ORR activity and AEMFC performance. Through electrochemical analysis and AEMFC testing, the practical application potential of this strategy is demonstrated.

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Fei Xiao et al.

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Alkaline fuel cell technology-A review

T. B. Ferriday et al.

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Development and application of fuel cells in the automobile industry

Yang Luo et al.

Summary: The automotive industry heavily relies on fossil fuels, exacerbating global environmental and energy crises. Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are seen as promising alternatives in transitioning towards clean energy. Despite advances in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for automobiles, challenges in commercializing FCEVs remain, with future focus needed on addressing cost, hydrogen supply, and dynamic response.

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Review-Current Progress of Non-Precious Metal for ORR Based Electrocatalysts Used for Fuel Cells

Xuefeng Ren et al.

Summary: With the consumption of fossil fuels, energy and environmental issues have become increasingly prominent. Fuel cells, as a new energy source, have advantages such as high efficiency and environmental friendliness, but slow cathode kinetics have hindered their development. Non-precious metal catalysts are widely recognized for their affordability and stability.

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Multifunctional electrocatalysts of nickel boride nanoparticles for superior hydrogen oxidation and water splitting

Fuzhan Song et al.

Summary: A facile strategy to synthesize earth abundant nickel boride nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide (Ni3B/rGO) as multifunctional electrocatalysts for both hydrogen oxidation reaction and overall water splitting is reported. The Ni3B/rGO catalysts exhibit comparable performance to commercial Pt/C in hydrogen oxidation reaction, and also show good performance in overall water splitting.

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Shuai Qin et al.

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Compressive Strain Reduces the Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation Reaction Activity of Platinum in Alkaline Solution

Li Jiao et al.

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Yang Qiu et al.

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