Development of compact tokamak fusion reactor use cases to inform future transport studies

The OMFIT STEP (Meneghini et al., Nucl. Fusion, vol. 10, 2020, p. 1088) workflow has been used to develop inductive and steady-state H-mode core plasma scenario use cases for a B-0 = 8T, R-0 = 4mmachine to help guide and inform future higher-fidelity studies of core transport and confinement in compact tokamak reactors. Both use cases are designed to produce 200MW or more of net electric power in an up-down symmetric plasma with minor radius a = 1.4m, elongation kappa = 2.0, triangularity delta = 0.5 and effective charge Z(eff) similar or equal to 2. Additional considerations based on the need for compatibility of the core with reactor-relevant power exhaust solutions and external actuators were used to guide and constrain the use case development. An extensive characterization of core transport in both scenarios is presented, the most important feature of which is the extreme sensitivity of the results to the quantitative stiffness level of the transport model used as well as the predicted critical gradients. This sensitivity is shown to arise from different levels of transport stiffness exhibited by the models, combined with the gyroBohm-normalized fluxes of the predictions being an order of magnitude larger than other H-mode plasmas. Additionally, it is shown that although heating in both plasmas is predominantly to the electrons and collisionality is low, the plasmas remain sufficiently well coupled for the ions to carry a significant fraction of the thermal transport. As neoclassical transport is negligible in these conditions, this situation inherently requires long-wavelength ion gyroradius-scale turbulence to be the dominant transport mechanism in both plasmas. These results are combined with other basic considerations to propose a simple heuristic model of transport in reactor-relevant plasmas, along with simple metrics to quantify coupling and core transport properties across burning and non-burning plasmas.

Automated summary

The OMFIT STEP workflow was used to develop core plasma scenario use cases for a compact tokamak reactor. The study presents an extensive characterization of core transport and confinement, highlighting the extreme sensitivity of the results to different transport models and critical gradients. The research also proposes a simple heuristic model for transport in reactor-relevant plasmas.