期刊
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
卷 433, 期 C, 页码 87-93出版社
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.002
关键词
Cancer; Exercise; Fasting; Glucagon; Hepatokines; Inflammation; Liver; Insulin resistance; Sepsis; TGF-beta
资金
- Danish foundation TrygFonden
- Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF55]
- DD2-the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (Danish Council for Strategic Research) [09-067009, 09-075724]
- Danish foundations Augustinus Fonden
- Aase og Ejnar Danielsens Fond
Recently, substantial evidence has emerged that the liver contributes significantly to the circulating levels of follistatin and that circulating follistatin is tightly regulated by the glucagon-to-insulin ratio. Both observations are based on investigations of healthy subjects. These novel findings challenge the present view of circulating follistatin in human physiology, being that circulating follistatin is a result of spill-over from para/autocrine actions in various tissues and cells. Follistatin as a liver-derived protein under the regulation of glucagon-to-insulin ratio suggests a relation to energy metabolism. In this narrative review, we attempt to reconcile the existing findings on circulating follistatin with the novel concept that circulating follistatin is a liver-derived molecule regulated by the glucagon-to-insulin ratio. The picture emerging is that conditions associated with elevated levels of circulating follistatin have a metabolic denominator with decreased insulin sensitivity and/or hyperglucagoneimia. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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