A high quantum yield xanthene-based fluorescent probe for the specific detection of tyrosinase and cell imaging

Tyrosinase (TYR) detection will be crucial in the prevention and early diagnosis of some illnesses, including epilepsy, albinism, and melanoma, due to the close linkage of abnormal expression of TYR with the occurrence of these diseases. Therefore, how to obtain a fluorescent probe that has a high fluorescence quantum yield and high specificity for detecting TYR activity will be of significance. In this work, we improved the rhodamine structure by expanding the & pi;-conjugation system and using asymmetric synthesis to provide a fluorescent probe with good optical properties for the specific detection of TYR. The fluorescence quantum yield of fluorophore released from the probe by the enzymatic reaction with TYR was as high as 0.22, which was significantly greater than that of other previously reported fluorescent probes. We also chose 3-hydroxybenzyl oxygen as the recognition group, which can successfully lessen the interference from reactive oxygen species (ROS). At the same time, the probe demonstrated great sensitivity in detecting TYR activity, and the detection limit of TYR for the probe was calculated to be 0.45 U/mL. In addition, the probe has currently been successfully utilized to evaluate TYR activity in cells. Therefore, this probe is anticipated to be crucial in identifying TYR activity in challenging settings.

Automated summary

"TYR detection is crucial for the prevention and early diagnosis of diseases such as epilepsy, albinism, and melanoma. A fluorescent probe with high fluorescence quantum yield and specificity for TYR activity has been developed in this study by improving the rhodamine structure and using asymmetric synthesis. The probe showed a significantly higher fluorescence quantum yield than previously reported probes and demonstrated great sensitivity in detecting TYR activity, with a detection limit of 0.45 U/mL. It has been successfully used to evaluate TYR activity in cells, making it a valuable tool in challenging settings."