☆ 4.7 Article

Mapping the Lipid Signatures in COVID-19 Infection: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Solutions

JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Favipiravir in early symptomatic COVID-19, a randomised placebo-controlled trial

James H. McMahon et al.

Summary: This study suggests that early treatment with favipiravir does not improve the time to virological cure or clinical outcomes in COVID-19 infection, and there is no evidence of antiviral effect.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-BCD) inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and virus-induced inflammatory cytokines

Bruno Braz Bezerra et al.

Summary: Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-BCD) is a drug with antiviral and immunomodulatory effects that can effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and virus-induced inflammatory response. Given the pathophysiology of COVID-19, further investigation of HP-BCD as a potential therapeutic for COVID-19 is warranted.

ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of camostat mesilate in patients with COVID-19 (CANDLE study)

Taku Kinoshita et al.

Summary: This study suggests that camostat mesilate has limited effectiveness in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection and does not significantly shorten the time to viral clearance.

BMC MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Nafamostat Mesylate for Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalised Patients: A Structured, Narrative Review

Maria Patricia Hernandez-Mitre et al.

Summary: Nafamostat, a drug approved for acute pancreatitis and other conditions in Japan and Korea, shows high antiviral potency against SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting the cellular enzyme TMPRSS2 to prevent viral entry, and also has antithrombotic activity, with limited clinical reports indicating potential benefits for moderate to severe COVID-19 patients.

CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Efficacy and safety of camostat mesylate in early COVID-19 disease in an ambulatory setting: a randomized placebo-controlled phase II trial

Els Tobback et al.

Summary: This study assessed the efficacy and safety of 300 mg camostat mesylate three times daily in a fasted state to treat early phase COVID-19. The results showed that camostat mesylate was not found to be effective as an antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic effects of different vitamins and minerals in COVID-19 patients

Mohsen Karami Fath et al.

Summary: COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading disease without a definite cure. Adequate intake of micronutrients and antioxidants plays a crucial role in fighting against the disease.

JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Investigating the possible mechanisms of pirfenidone to be targeted as a promising anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-tumor, and/or anti-SARS-CoV-2

Samar A. Antar et al.

Summary: Pirfenidone (PFD) is a synthetic chemical that inhibits the production of various substances, potentially offering anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-tumor, and/or anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties.

LIFE SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Virology

Endoplasmic reticulum secretory pathway: Potential target against SARS-CoV-2

Maarisha Upadhyay et al.

Summary: This review discusses the role of the endoplasmic reticulum secretory pathway in the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2 and proposes the feasibility of using ERS pathway inhibitors to suppress the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2.

VIRUS RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Lipid Raft Integrity and Cellular Cholesterol Homeostasis Are Critical for SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Cells

Ahmed Bakillah et al.

Summary: Lipid rafts rich in membrane cholesterol play a crucial role in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into target cells. Depletion of cholesterol in these rafts increases SARS-CoV-2 entry, while exogenous cholesterol replenishment reverses this effect. Disturbance of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis also reduces viral entry.

NUTRIENTS (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Remdesivir in treating hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A renewed review of clinical trials

Zhenchao Wu et al.

Summary: This review evaluates the feasibility and efficacy of remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19 and highlights the shortcomings of current clinical studies. Remdesivir has shown mixed results in different clinical trials, indicating the need for further research to determine its role in the treatment of COVID-19.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

In Vitro Evidence of Statins' Protective Role against COVID-19 Hallmarks Comptes Rendus

Donatella Fiore et al.

Summary: Despite the ongoing debate about the safety of statins in COVID-19 patients, this study provides insights into their mechanism of action. Using in vitro models expressing different levels of ACE2 receptor, the researchers found that lipophilic and hydrophilic statins have varying effects on ACE2 receptor expression and subcellular localization. Additionally, proteomic analysis revealed that statins inhibit the release of cytokines associated with severe COVID-19 cases.

BIOMEDICINES (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

A randomized clinical trial of lipid metabolism modulation with fenofibrate for acute coronavirus disease 2019

Julio A. Chirinos et al.

Summary: Fenofibrate has no significant effect on clinically relevant outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

NATURE METABOLISM (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Therapeutic strategy targeting host lipolysis limits infection by SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus

Yeong-Bin Baek et al.

Summary: The activation of LD-associated lipase is linked to the breakdown of LDs during the late stage of RNA viral infections, providing a potential anti-viral target. Inhibiting LD-associated lipases can suppress viral replication and mitigate lung lesions caused by SARS-CoV-2 and IAV infections. Furthermore, lipase inhibitors can reduce proinflammatory cytokine levels, which are important for the severe infection or mortality in COVID-19 and IAV patients.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 and the Nucleus

Mengqi Chen et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the alterations of nuclear pathways caused by SARS-CoV-2 and discusses their contribution to virus replication, as well as therapeutic treatments targeting these pathways.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Virology

Cytoplasmic domain and enzymatic activity of ACE2 are not required for PI4KB dependent endocytosis entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells

Hang Yang et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells depends on clathrin-mediated endocytosis, with phosphoinositides playing essential roles in this process. The intracellular domain and catalytic activity of ACE2 are not required for efficient virus entry, and the Delta variant also enters cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

VIROLOGICA SINICA (2022)

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Editorial Material Allergy

Dexamethasone, pro-resolving lipid mediators and resolution of inflammation in COVID-19

Evangelos Andreakos et al.

ALLERGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Leveraging coronavirus binding to gangliosides for innovative vaccine and therapeutic strategies against COVID-19

Jacques Fantini et al.

Summary: Covid-19 is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, with the NTD identified as a promising target for potential therapeutic and vaccine strategies. The 4A8 antibody selectively binds to the NTD, blocking the virus from entering lipid rafts, showcasing potential for innovative vaccine/therapeutic approaches.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Virology

Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ex-vivo human lung tissues by targeting class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase

Chun-Kit Yuen et al.

Summary: The study found that among four small molecule inhibitors targeting key cellular factors involved in the autophagy pathway, inhibition of class III PI3-kinase, which is involved in the initiation step of autophagy, showed the most significant antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2, suggesting it as a potential target for COVID-19 therapeutic development.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article

Estradiol and COVID-19: Does 17-Estradiol Have an Immune-Protective Function in Women Against Coronavirus?

Farideh Zafari Zangeneh et al.

Journal of Family and Reproductive Health (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2): SARS-CoV-2 receptor and RAS modulator

Jingwei Bian et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the complex relationship between the coronavirus, ACE2, and RAS, proposing novel infection modes and pathways for virus entry mediated by ACE2, while also discussing the controversy surrounding the use of anti-RAS drugs.

ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

An update on the progress of galidesivir (BCX4430), a broad-spectrum antiviral

Justin G. Julander et al.

Summary: Galidesivir (BCX4430) is an adenosine nucleoside analog that shows broad activity against various RNA viruses in cell culture and animal models. It has been evaluated in phase I clinical trials for treating diseases caused by different viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and Marburg virus, based on promising results from animal studies.

ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Camostat mesylate against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19-Rationale, dosing and safety

Peter Breining et al.

Summary: Camostat mesylate is a potent inhibitor of the serine protease TMPRSS2, effectively hindering virus-cell membrane fusion and replication, reducing viral load, and potentially improving patient outcomes. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating its potential as an antiviral agent against COVID-19.

BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Baricitinib treatment resolves lower-airway macrophage inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques

Timothy N. Hoang et al.

Summary: The study found that in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, baricitinib did not reduce viral shedding, but did decrease inflammation and suppress the production of cytokines and chemokines, suggesting its potential as an effective treatment for COVID-19 inflammation.

CELL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Dexamethasone vs COVID-19: An experimental study in line with the preliminary findings of a large trial

Mohammad Hossein Hosseinzadeh et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated that dexamethasone has a significant protective effect against hypoxia in experimental models, especially in the asphyctic and hemic models. In addition, using propranolol as a positive control showed a substantial anti-hypoxic effect, possibly making it a safe and potential choice for treating COVID-19 patients.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE (2021)

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Article Immunology

N-Glycan Modification in Covid-19 Pathophysiology: In vitro Structural Changes with Limited Functional Effects

Cristiane J. Nunes-Santos et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the in vitro activity of the FDA-approved alpha-glucosidase inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 and its effects on glycoprotein modifications in an overexpression system. Despite clear N-glycan alteration induced by miglustat, the functions of the studied Covid-19-related glycoproteins were not affected, indicating that miglustat is unlikely to alter the natural course of the disease.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Cutting Edge: Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Humans Is Defined by a Shift in the Serum Lipidome, Resulting in Dysregulation of Eicosanoid Immune Mediators

Benjamin Schwarz et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted over 20 million people globally, with risk factors for severe disease and mortality including age, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Research shows specific differences in immune-regulatory and proinflammatory lipid mediators between moderate and severe cases, indicating an immunolipidomic imbalance in severe COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Altered Cholesterol and Lipid Synthesis Mediates Hyperinflammation in COVID-19

Yahya Sohrabi et al.

TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (2021)

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Review Virology

Domains and Functions of Spike Protein in SARS-Cov-2 in the Context of Vaccine Design

Xuhua Xia

Summary: This article delves into the structure and function of the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2, aiming to enhance the mechanistic understanding of how it mediates cell entry and transmission, as well as discussing important issues related to vaccine development and the emergence of viral variants.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Review Virology

The Fatty Acid Lipid Metabolism Nexus in COVID-19

Jerome E. Tanner et al.

Summary: Enteric symptomology in early stages of SARS-2003 and COVID-19 indicates virus replication in the intestine, liver, and pancreas. Aberrant lipid metabolism in morbidly obese individuals worsens the immune response to COVID-19. Targeting lipid metabolism could inhibit virus replication and improve patient response to the disease.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Identification of Berbamine, Oxyacanthine and Rutin from Berberis asiatica as anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds: An in silico study

Tanuja Joshi et al.

Summary: Three phytochemicals from Berberis asiatica were found to have high affinity with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, potentially inhibiting the virus. These compounds could serve as novel anti-COVID-19 drug candidates and may be studied in vitro and in vivo for further exploration.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dissecting lipid metabolism alterations in SARS-CoV-2

Ilaria Casari et al.

Summary: Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus, with circulating lipids directly correlating to disease severity. Metabolomic and lipidomic approaches provide new insights into potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19.

PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Recurrent deletions in the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein drive antibody escape

Kevin R. McCarthy et al.

Summary: The translation above discusses zoonotic pandemics caused by animal viruses spilling over into highly susceptible human populations, specifically focusing on the evolution of coronaviruses in human hosts and the impact of recurrent deletions in the spike glycoprotein on antibody epitopes. These studies help understand the antigenic evolution and adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Virology

Inhibitors of endosomal acidification suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication and relieve viral pneumonia in hACE2 transgenic mice

Chao Shang et al.

Summary: This study found that endosomal acidification inhibitors, including chloroquine, bafilomycin A1, and NH4Cl, significantly reduced the viral yields of SARS-CoV-2 in various cell lines and in a transgenic mouse model. These inhibitors also improved cell viability post-infection and alleviated viral pneumonia in mice, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits in treating COVID-19.

VIROLOGY JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Evidences for lipid involvement in SARS-CoV-2 cytopathogenesis

Roberta Nardacci et al.

Summary: The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 is not entirely understood, but our study revealed profound ultrastructural changes in the infected cells and lungs of deceased COVID-19 patients, particularly involving the presence of abundant lipid droplets. This suggests a potential role of lipids in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and highlights a new avenue for pharmacological treatment to combat the virus.

CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Dysregulation of lipid metabolism and pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19

Marianna Caterino et al.

Summary: This study utilized targeted lipidomic analysis coupled with proinflammatory cytokines and alarmins measurement to investigate the serum of COVID-19 patients with different severity degrees. The study measured serum IL-26, a cytokine involved in the IL-17 pathway, TSLP, and adiponectin, and correlated them with lipid profiles of COVID-19 patients, providing important insights for the classification of the disease and the identification of therapeutic targets.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Metabolomic/lipidomic profiling of COVID-19 and individual response to tocilizumab

Gaia Meoni et al.

Summary: The research analyzed the metabolites of COVID-19 patients and controls using NMR, finding common plasma metabolomic and lipidomic signatures in COVID-19 patients. Tocilizumab treatment was shown to partially reverse the metabolic alterations caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Camostat mesylate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 activation by TMPRSS2-related proteases and its metabolite GBPA exerts antiviral activity

Markus Hoffmann et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that Camostat mesylate and its metabolite GBPA can block the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in human lung tissue, and the related protease inhibitor Nafamostat mesylate exhibits enhanced antiviral activity.

EBIOMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Overcoming Culture Restriction for SARS-CoV-2 in Human Cells Facilitates the Screening of Compounds Inhibiting Viral Replication

Santseharay Ramirez et al.

Summary: Efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic include repurposing existing antiviral drugs and screening their efficacy in different cell lines. In this study, serial passages of SARS-CoV-2 in human liver and lung cancer cells led to the selection of a more infective variant with spike protein mutations. The adapted virus showed less dependence on ACE2 and increased susceptibility to interferon, demonstrating the potential for antiviral drug screening efficacy across different cell lines.

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2021)

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Review Immunology

Cholesterol-Rich Lipid Rafts as Platforms for SARS-CoV-2 Entry

Selvin Noe Palacios-Rapalo et al.

Summary: The cholesterol-rich lipid rafts may serve as a platform for SARS-CoV-2 entry by interacting with multiple receptors. FDA-approved drugs can disrupt key molecules within lipid rafts to regulate immune signaling pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing new insights for disease treatment.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Critical Care Medicine

Camostat mesylate therapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Yasser Sakr et al.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Through Lethal Mutagenesis But Is Also Mutagenic To Mammalian Cells

Shuntai Zhou et al.

Summary: Mutagenic ribonucleosides can serve as broad-spectrum antiviral agents, but may pose risks to the host due to their host mutagenic activity in addition to antiviral activity.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Virology

Inhibitors of Protein Glycosylation Are Active against the Coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

Sreejith Rajasekharan et al.

Summary: Repurposing clinically available drug Miglustat has demonstrated activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro by inhibiting alpha-glucosidases, leading to a decrease in viral proteins and infectious virus release. This highlights the potential of protein glycosylation inhibitors, such as investigational drug Celgosivir, in the treatment of COVID-19.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Favipiravir antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in a hamster model

Jean-Selim Driouich et al.

Summary: Despite limited pre-clinical evidence, repurposed drugs such as favipiravir are being extensively evaluated in clinical trials to combat the lack of antiviral options against SARS-CoV-2. Favipiravir shows strong antiviral efficacy in a Syrian hamster model, with high doses reducing viral infectivity while inducing mutations in viral genomes. However, toxicity concerns are noted at the highest tested dose, requiring further pharmacokinetic and tolerance studies before potential human use.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

SARS-CoV-2 RBD219-N1C1: A yeast-expressed SARS-CoV-2 recombinant receptor-binding domain candidate vaccine stimulates virus neutralizing antibodies and T-cell immunity in mice

Jeroen Pollet et al.

Summary: The article discusses the development of a SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein expressed in yeast as a possible candidate for a low-cost COVID-19 vaccine for low- and middle-income countries. The modified recombinant protein showed promising results in in vitro and in vivo studies, inducing high levels of binding IgG antibodies and strong neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in mice. These findings support further evaluation of the yeast-produced RBD219-N1C1 recombinant protein as a potential COVID-19 vaccine candidate, particularly when formulated with Alhydrogel and possibly combined with other immunostimulants.

HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The Rise and Fall of Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine as Compassionate Therapy of COVID-19

Elangovan Manivannan et al.

Summary: The rapid spread and high mortality rate of COVID-19 have posed a global public health challenge. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were initially considered for the treatment of COVID-19, but their authorization was later revoked by FDA and WHO, emphasizing the need for evidence-based treatment protocols to address the pandemic.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The role of estradiol in the immune response against COVID-19

Adrian Ramirez-de-Arellano et al.

Summary: Estradiol can modulate immune cell functions and affect antiviral mechanisms, with higher levels of estradiol associated with lower severity of symptoms and reduced mortality rates in viral infections and COVID-19.

HORMONES-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Estrogen Receptor Modulators in Viral Infections Such as SARS-CoV-2: Therapeutic Consequences

Nikita Abramenko et al.

Summary: Estrogens may have a protective effect against COVID-19 by influencing the cardiovascular/pulmonary/immune system, reducing cytokine storms, and directly inhibiting viral replication. In addition to natural hormones, phytestrogens and synthetic molecules may also have anti-viral activity.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mechanism of molnupiravir-induced SARS-CoV-2 mutagenesis

Florian Kabinger et al.

Summary: Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral drug candidate that increases viral RNA mutations frequency and inhibits replication of SARS-CoV-2 by altering the substrate preference of RdRp. This two-step mutagenesis mechanism can explain the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of molnupiravir, making it a promising COVID-19 treatment option.

NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Virology

All-Trans Retinoic Acid Exhibits Antiviral Effect against SARS-CoV-2 by Inhibiting 3CLpro Activity

Takeshi Morita et al.

Summary: The global pandemic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread, and the major protease 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2 is an important target for antiviral drug development. ATRA has been identified as an inhibitor of 3CLpro and has shown antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Article Microbiology

The TMPRSS2 Inhibitor Nafamostat Reduces SARS-CoV-2 Pulmonary Infection in Mouse Models of COVID-19

Kun Li et al.

Summary: The serine protease inhibitors camostat and nafamostat have shown potential in limiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in respiratory tract, with nafamostat exhibiting greater potency. Preclinical evidence supports the efficacy of nafamostat in treating and/or preventing COVID-19 in mice models sensitized to SARS-CoV-2 infection by introducing human ACE2.

MBIO (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The Hyperlipidaemic Drug Fenofibrate Significantly Reduces Infection by SARS-CoV-2 in Cell Culture Models

Scott P. Davies et al.

Summary: The study suggests that fenofibrate and fenofibric acid may be effective in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection by up to 70% at clinically achievable concentrations. These drugs have a history of clinical use and relatively good safety profiles, making them potential therapeutic agents that require urgent clinical evaluation for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Efficacy and Safety of Favipiravir in Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients without Oxygen Therapy: A Randomized, Phase III Clinical Trial

Masaharu Shinkai et al.

Summary: The study found that favipiravir may be an option for treating moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, with better effects in patients with obesity or coexisting conditions. However, the risk of adverse events, including hyperuricemia, should be carefully considered when using favipiravir.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Nafamostat in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a randomised Phase II clinical trial

Sergey Zhuravel et al.

Summary: The study found no significant difference in the time to clinical improvement between the nafamostat and standard-of-care groups for COVID-19 pneumonia patients overall, but nafamostat showed a significantly shorter time to clinical improvement in a small subgroup of high-risk patients requiring oxygen treatment.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

N-terminal domain mutations of the spike protein are structurally implicated in epitope recognition in emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains

Apostolos Klinakis et al.

Summary: The global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence of novel strains with mutations affecting virus infectivity and immunogenicity. Studies on mutations and deletions within the N-terminal domain (NTD) adjacent to the receptor binding domain (RBD) indicate their critical role in altering virus transmission and immune response.

COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dependence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cholesterol-rich lipid raft and endosomal acidification

Xiaowei Li et al.

Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells through ACE2 and is sensitive to the pH of endosomes/lysosomes in HEK293T cells, with infection dependent on cholesterol-rich lipid rafts instead of other pathways. These findings expand the understanding of the entry mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and suggest a new strategy for combating the virus.

COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of the TMPRSS2 inhibitor camostat mesilate in patients hospitalized with Covid-19-a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Jesper D. Gunst et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the TMPRSS2 inhibitor camostat mesilate in Covid-19 patients through a randomized controlled trial. The results showed that camostat mesilate treatment did not prolong time to clinical improvement and did not increase the occurrence of adverse events.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Physiology

17β-estradiol reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro

Robertha Mariana Rodrigues Lemes et al.

Summary: COVID-19 originated from Wuhan, China, and has unprecedentedly affected the public health system, society, and economy. Estrogen has been shown to potentially protect cells against SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing viral load and decreasing TMPRSS2 levels, offering new possibilities for further research on 17β-estradiol in human cell lines infected by SARS-CoV-2.

PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

Rationale for azithromycin in COVID-19: an overview of existing evidence

Iwein Gyselinck et al.

Summary: Azithromycin has been widely used as a repurposed drug for COVID-19 treatment, despite the lack of high-quality evidence. Current data on its pharmacological, preclinical, and clinical effects are conflicting, suggesting the need for more prospective large-scale randomized controlled studies. Uniform reporting of results and monitoring of safety data are strongly encouraged for a better understanding of its efficacy and safety profile.

BMJ OPEN RESPIRATORY RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Role of IL-6 inhibitor in treatment of COVID-19-related cytokine release syndrome

Peng Du et al.

Summary: This review discusses the potential role of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in severe COVID-19, particularly focusing on the targeted inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Current evidence shows promising results with IL-6 inhibitors like tocilizumab, siltuximab, and sarilumab in treating severe cases of COVID-19, indicating a potential therapeutic strategy for managing the disease.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Letter Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A mouse model for SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome

Weiqi Hong et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

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Letter Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Berbamine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by compromising TRPMLs-mediated endolysosomal trafficking of ACE2

Lihong Huang et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lipid rafts and pathogens: the art of deception and exploitation

Michael I. Bukrinsky et al.

JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH (2020)

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Letter Cell Biology

Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro

Manli Wang et al.

CELL RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Microbiology

The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2

Alexander E. Gorbalenya et al.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Physiology

Estrogen regulates the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in differentiated airway epithelial cells

Kimberly E. Stelzig et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Letter Microbiology

Nafamostat Mesylate Blocks Activation of SARS-CoV-2: New Treatment Option for COVID-19

Markus Hoffmann et al.

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Can Bioactive Lipids Inactivate Coronavirus (COVID-19)?

Undurti N. Das

ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, Research & Experimental

Oleoylethanolamide, A Bioactive Lipid Amide, as A Promising Treatment Strategy for Coronavirus/COVID-19

Samad Ghaffari et al.

ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Proteomic and Metabolomic Characterization of COVID-19 Patient Sera

Bo Shen et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

Markus Hoffmann et al.

CELL (2020)

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Letter Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A role for retinoids in the treatment of COVID-19?

Steven E. Trasino

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Is There an Association Between COVID-19 Mortality and the Renin-Angiotensin System? A Call for Epidemiologic Investigations

Thomas C. Hanff et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Immunology

Connecting Hydroxychloroquine In Vitro Antiviral Activity to In Vivo Concentration for Prediction of Antiviral Effect: A Critical Step in Treating Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019

Jianghong Fan et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system

Francesca Coperchini et al.

CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Mechanism of baricitinib supports artificial intelligence-predicted testing inCOVID-19 patients

Justin Stebbing et al.

EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Immunology

Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan

Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan et al.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE-2, is expressed on many different cell types: implications for ACE-inhibitor- and angiotensin II receptor blocker-based cardiovascular therapies

Adriana Albini et al.

INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Allergy

JAK Inhibition as a New Treatment Strategy for Patients with COVID-19

Farhad Seif et al.

INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Synergistic antiviral effect of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in combination against SARS-CoV-2: What molecular dynamics studies of virus-host interactions reveal

Jacques Fantini et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Structural and molecular modelling studies reveal a new mechanism of action of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Jacques Fantini et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial

Philippe Gautret et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS (2020)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Comprehensive analysis of drugs to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection: Mechanistic insights into current COVID-19 therapies (Review)

George Mihai Nitulescu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Role of Lipid Metabolism in COVID-19 Virus Infection and as a Drug Target

Mohamed Abu-Farha et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy

Graziano Onder et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lipid rafts as a therapeutic target

Dmitri Sviridov et al.

JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of intravenous remdesivir in adult patients with severe COVID-19: study protocol for a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial

Yeming Wang et al.

TRIALS (2020)

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Letter Biology

Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies

Jianjun Gao et al.

BIOSCIENCE TRENDS (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression

Puja Mehta et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Letter to the Editor: Low-density lipoprotein is a potential predictor of poor prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Junli Fan et al.

METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A Multibasic Cleavage Site in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Is Essential for Infection of Human Lung Cells

Markus Hoffmann et al.

MOLECULAR CELL (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Tao Guo et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System A Review

Mohammad Madjid et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2

Jian Shang et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Letter Cell Biology

Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro

Jia Liu et al.

CELL DISCOVERY (2020)

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Article Immunology

TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes

Ruochen Zang et al.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Structural and functional properties of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: potential antivirus drug development for COVID-19

Yuan Huang et al.

ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA (2020)

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Editorial Material Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Azithromycin for COVID-19: More Than Just an Antimicrobial?

Nathalie Bleyzac et al.

CLINICAL DRUG INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Coronavirus membrane fusion mechanism offers a potential target for antiviral development

Tiffany Tang et al.

ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Azithromycin in COVID-19 Patients: Pharmacological Mechanism, Clinical Evidence and Prescribing Guidelines

Janet Sultana et al.

DRUG SAFETY (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Statins: Could an old friend help in the fight against COVID-19?

Raul R. Rodrigues-Diez et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiovascular diseases, lipid-lowering therapies and European registries in the COVID-19 pandemic

Henning Morawietz et al.

CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Omics-Driven Systems Interrogation of Metabolic Dysregulation in COVID-19 Pathogenesis

Jin-Wen Song et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2020)

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Review Microbiology

Coronavirus Interplay With Lipid Rafts and Autophagy Unveils Promising Therapeutic Targets

Katia Fecchi et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Cholesterol in Relation to COVID-19: Should We Care about It?

Dina Radenkovic et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Developmental Biology

Protein Quality Control and Lipid Droplet Metabolism

Melissa A. Roberts et al.

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (2020)

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Article Immunology

In vitro testing of combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on SARS-CoV-2 shows synergistic effect

Julien Andreani et al.

MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Hydroxychloroquine use against SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-human primates

Pauline Maisonnasse et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19

Carolina Lucas et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Syncytia formation by SARS-CoV-2-infected cells

Julian Buchrieser et al.

EMBO JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Inhibition of PIKfyve kinase prevents infection by Zaire ebolavirus and SARS-CoV-2

Yuan-Lin Kang et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A neutralizing human antibody binds to the N-terminal domain of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2

Xiangyang Chi et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Double-Membrane Vesicles as Platforms for Viral Replication

Georg Wolff et al.

TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Virology

The Anticoagulant Nafamostat Potently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 S Protein-Mediated Fusion in a Cell Fusion Assay System and Viral Infection In Vitro in a Cell-Type-Dependent Manner

Mizuki Yamamoto et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Remdesivir Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in Human Lung Cells and Chimeric SARS-CoV Expressing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA Polymerase in Mice

Andrea J. Pruijssers et al.

CELL REPORTS (2020)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Integrative Modeling of Quantitative Plasma Lipoprotein, Metabolic, and Amino Acid Data Reveals a Multiorgan Pathological Signature of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Torben Kimhofer et al.

JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Free fatty acid binding pocket in the locked structure of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

Christine Toelzer et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Emerging preclinical evidence does not support broad use of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients

S. G. P. Funnell et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Immunology

Targeting Lipid Rafts-A Potential Therapy for COVID-19

Dmitri Sviridov et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

ssRNA Virus and Host Lipid Rearrangements: Is There a Role for Lipid Droplets in SARS-CoV-2 Infection?

Francesca Pagliari et al.

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Effect of bromhexine on clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A randomized clinical trial

Khalil Ansarin et al.

BIOIMPACTS (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Lipid droplets fuel SARS-CoV-2 replication and production of inflammatory mediators

Suelen da Silva Gomes Dias et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Hydroxychloroquine as a Chemoprophylactic Agent for COVID-19: A Clinico-Pharmacological Review

Mudit Agarwal et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural Characterization of SARS-CoV-2: Where We Are, and Where We Need to Be

Giuseppina Mariano et al.

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Virtual and In Vitro Antiviral Screening Revive Therapeutic Drugs for COVID-19

Giovanni Bocci et al.

ACS PHARMACOLOGY & TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Raloxifene and Bazedoxifene Could Be Promising Candidates for Preventing the COVID-19 Related Cytokine Storm, ARDS and Mortality

Karel Smetana Jr et al.

IN VIVO (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

COVID-19-activated SREBP2 disturbs cholesterol biosynthesis and leads to cytokine storm

Wonhwa Lee et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages

Miriam Merad et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Potential use of hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and azithromycin drugs in fighting COVID-19: trends, scope and relevance

R. Choudhary et al.

NEW MICROBES AND NEW INFECTIONS (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Fructose stimulated de novo lipogenesis is promoted by inflammation

Jelena Todoric et al.

NATURE METABOLISM (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

17 beta-Estradiol, a potential ally to alleviate SARS-CoV2 infection

Ana Cristina Breithaupt-Faloppa et al.

CLINICS (2020)

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Review Microbiology

Host Lipids in Positive-Strand RNA Virus Genome Replication

Zhenlu Zhang et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Membrane Lipid Composition: Effect on Membrane and Organelle Structure, Function and Compartmentalization and Therapeutic Avenues

Doralicia Casares et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

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Review Virology

Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge

Dewald Schoeman et al.

VIROLOGY JOURNAL (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Regulation of lipid rafts, angiogenesis and inflammation by AIBP

Longhou Fang et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY (2019)

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Review Immunology

Hijacking the Supplies: Metabolism as a Novel Facet of Virus-Host Interaction

Katharine A. Mayer et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The molecular mechanism of DHHC protein acyltransferases

Mitra S. Rana et al.

BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS (2019)

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Article Virology

Characterization of the Lipidomic Profile of Human Coronavirus-Infected Cells: Implications for Lipid Metabolism Remodeling upon Coronavirus Replication

Bingpeng Yan et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SREBP-dependent lipidomic reprogramming as a broad-spectrum antiviral target

Shuofeng Yuan et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Article Virology

Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α Impairs an Early Step of Coronavirus Replication in Cell Culture

Christin Mueller et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2018)

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Review Immunology

Immune modulatory effects of statins

Robert Zeiser

IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

AIBP protects against metabolic abnormalities and atherosclerosis

Dina A. Schneider et al.

JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH (2018)

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Article Virology

Ebola virus requires phosphatidylinositol (3,5) bisphosphate production for efficient viral entry

Shirley Qiu et al.

VIROLOGY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Functional analysis of potential cleavage sites in the MERS-coronavirus spike protein

Hannah Kleine-Weber et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

AIBP augments cholesterol efflux from alveolar macrophages to surfactant and reduces acute lung inflammation

Soo-Ho Choi et al.

JCI INSIGHT (2018)

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Review Urology & Nephrology

Pleiotropic effects of statins on acute kidney injury: involvement of Kruppel-like factor 4

Tadashi Yoshida et al.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEPHROLOGY (2017)

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Review Cell Biology

Unraveling the role of membrane microdomains during microbial infections

Prathyusha Bagam et al.

CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY (2017)

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Article Hematology

Identification of apilimod as a first-in-class PIKfyve kinase inhibitor for treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Sophia Gayle et al.

BLOOD (2017)

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Review Cell Biology

Membrane curvature in cell biology: An integration of molecular mechanisms

Iris K. Jarsch et al.

JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (2016)

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Article Microbiology

Building Viral Replication Organelles: Close Encounters of the Membrane Types

Peter D. Nagy et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Oleoylethanolamide exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced THP-1 cells by enhancing PPARα signaling and inhibiting the NF-κB and ERK1/2/AP-1/STAT3 pathways

Lichao Yang et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2016)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Lipoprotein apheresis in the management of severe hypercholesterolemia and of elevation of lipoprotein(a): current perspectives and patient selection

Ulrich Julius

MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH (2016)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Tissue specific up regulation of ACE2 in rabbit model of atherosclerosis by atorvastatin: Role of epigenetic histone modifications

Kulbhushan Tikoo et al.

BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2015)

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Article Immunology

Critical role of phospholipase A2 group IID in age-related susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV infection

Rahul Vijay et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2015)

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Review Physiology

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF PROTEIN S-ACYLATION

Luke H. Chamberlain et al.

PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

RNA virus replication depends on enrichment of phosphatidylethanolamine at replication sites in subcellular membranes

Kai Xu et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2015)

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Article Virology

New insights on the role of paired membrane structures in coronavirus replication

Philip V'kovski et al.

VIRUS RESEARCH (2015)

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Review Virology

Incorporation of Spike and Membrane Glycoproteins into Coronavirus Virions

Makoto Ujike et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2015)

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Review Microbiology

The expanding roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress in virus replication and pathogenesis

Shanshan Li et al.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2015)

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Review Cell Biology

Lipid interactions during virus entry and infection

Michela Mazzon et al.

CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY (2014)

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Article Microbiology

Coronavirus Cell Entry Occurs through the Endo-/Lysosomal Pathway in a Proteolysis-Dependent Manner

Christine Burkard et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2014)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Proteolytic activation of the SARS-coronavirus spike protein: Cutting enzymes at the cutting edge of antiviral research

Graham Simmons et al.

ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH (2013)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Lipid Droplets and Peroxisomes: Key Players in Cellular Lipid Homeostasis or A Matter of Fat-Store 'em Up or Burn 'em Down

Sepp D. Kohlwein et al.

GENETICS (2013)

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Article Microbiology

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nonstructural Proteins 3, 4, and 6 Induce Double-Membrane Vesicles

Megan M. Angelini et al.

MBIO (2013)

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Article Virology

Proline-Serine-Threonine Phosphatase-Interacting Protein 2 (PSTPIP2), a Host Membrane-Deforming Protein, Is Critical for Membranous Web Formation in Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Ti-Chun Chao et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2012)

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Review Virology

Biogenesis and Dynamics of the Coronavirus Replicative Structures

Marne C. Hagemeijer et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2012)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Multifaceted roles for lipids in viral infection

Nicholas S. Heaton et al.

TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2011)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Implications for lipids during replication of enveloped viruses

Robin B. Chan et al.

CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS (2010)

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Article Virology

Palmitoylation of SARS-CoV S protein is necessary for partitioning into detergent-resistant membranes and cell-cell fusion but not interaction with M protein

Corrin E. McBride et al.

VIROLOGY (2010)

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Review Virology

Glycosphingolipids as Receptors for Non-Enveloped Viruses

Stefan Taube et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2010)

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Review Cell Biology

Virus entry by macropinocytosis

Jason Mercer et al.

NATURE CELL BIOLOGY (2009)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lipid rafts are involved in SARS-CoV entry into Vero E6 cells

Yanning Lu et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2008)

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Article Virology

Importance of conserved cysteine residues in the coronavirus envelope protein

Lisa A. Lopez et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2008)

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Review Cell Biology

Membrane lipids: where they are and how they behave

Gerrit van Meer et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY (2008)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-coronavirus replication is supported by a reticulovesicular network of modified endoplasmic reticulum

Kevin Knoops et al.

PLOS BIOLOGY (2008)

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Article Microbiology

SARS-coronavirus replication/transcription complexes are membrane-protected and need a host factor for activity in vitro

Martijn J. van Hemert et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2008)

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Article Virology

Palmitoylation of the cysteine-rich endodomain of the SARS-coronavirus spike glycoprotein is important for spike-mediated cell fusion

Chad M. Petit et al.

VIROLOGY (2007)

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Article Immunology

Lipid rafts play an important role in the early stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus life cycle

Gui-Mei Li et al.

MICROBES AND INFECTION (2007)

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Article Virology

Biochemical and functional characterization of the membrane association and membrane permeabilizing activity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein

Y. Liao et al.

VIROLOGY (2006)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Virus entry: Open sesame

M Marsh et al.

CELL (2006)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Coronavirus replication complex formation utilizes components of cellular autophagy

E Prentice et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2004)

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Article Immunology

Ultrastructural characterization of SARS coronavirus

CS Goldsmith et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2004)

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Article Virology

Characterization of new syncytium-inhibiting monoclonal antibodies implicates lipid rafts in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 syncytium formation

K Niyogi et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2001)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Microbial pathogenesis: Lipid rafts as pathogen portals

CM Rosenberger et al.

CURRENT BIOLOGY (2000)

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