Effects of laser powder bed fusion process parameters on microstructure and hydrogen embrittlement of high-entropy alloy

Hydrogen embrittlement behavior, micro-deformation, and crack propagation mechanism of CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy (HEA) fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) under different parameters were investigated by slow strain rate tensile tests (at room temperature) with/without electrochemical hydro-gen pre-charging. The LPBF CoCrFeNiMn HEA shows excellent resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. Un-suitable LPBF parameters are accompanied by many microcracks and holes, resulting in a slight decrease in the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of the material. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), electron channeling contrast image (ECCI) techniques, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were carried out to research the main influencing factors of hydrogen on the deformation mechanism and crack propagation. Compared with un-charged samples, a larger number of deformation twins (DTs) appear in the deformation process of hydrogen-charged LPBF CoCrFeNiMn, attributing to the reduction of stacking fault energy (SFE) due to the ingress of hydrogen. The nano DTs and crossing twin system contribute to the extra work hardening, and a strain hardening platform is observed for all hydrogen-charged samples, resulting in the increase of strain hardening rate or the mitigation of the loss of strain hardening. Al-though unsuitable process parameters will trigger fabrication defects and reduce mechanical properties, the cellular structure can bring a hydrogen-induced strain hardening platform for LPBF CoCrFeNiMn to reduce the damage caused by hydrogen embrittlement. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.

Automated summary

This study investigated the hydrogen embrittlement behavior, micro-deformation, and crack propagation mechanism of LPBF CoCrFeNiMn HEA under different parameters. It was found that LPBF CoCrFeNiMn HEA exhibited excellent resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. Unsuitable LPBF parameters resulted in the formation of microcracks and holes, leading to a decrease in the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of the material. The effect of hydrogen on deformation mechanism and crack propagation was studied using EBSD, ECCI, and TEM techniques.