Wearable heater composites comprising traditional Hanji cellulose fib ers coate d with graphene, silver nanowires, and PEDOT: PSS via scalable supersonic spraying

Traditional Korean Hanji paper and cotton fabric were introduced as flexible substrates in the fabrica-tion of graphene-coated heaters. Silver nanowires and PEDOT:PSS were added to increase the electri-cal conductivity of the heaters, thereby enhancing their heating performance. The optimal concentra-tions of silver nanowires and PEDOT:PSS with respect to that of graphene were identified. These active materials were deposited on flexible Hanji/cotton and non-flexible alumina substrates using supersonic spraying. The proposed Hanji-and cotton-based heaters were light, wearable, stretchable, skin-friendly, and biodegradable. The unyielding alumina-based heater exhibited the highest heating temperature of 275 & DEG;C at 13 V. Wearable heater bendability and stretchability were tested considering multiple bending and stretching cycles. Moreover, water boiling and fabric drying were successfully performed using the alumina-based heater. The supersonic spraying deposition technique was used to produce writable and patternable heaters.

Automated summary

Traditional Korean Hanji paper and cotton fabric were used as flexible substrates for fabricating graphene-coated heaters. Silver nanowires and PEDOT:PSS were added to enhance the electrical conductivity and heating performance. The optimal concentrations were identified and deposited using supersonic spraying. The proposed Hanji and cotton-based heaters were light, wearable, stretchable, skin-friendly, and biodegradable. The alumina-based heater exhibited the highest heating temperature and the supersonic spraying technique allowed for writable and patternable heaters.