3D ordered macroporous sulfur-doped g-C3N4 /TiO2 S-scheme photocatalysts for efficient H2O2 production in pure water

Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

C3N4/PDA S-Scheme Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic H2O2 Production Performance and Its Mechanism

Xidong Zhang et al.

Summary: In this study, a step-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst C3N4/PDA (CNP) was constructed, which showed improved H2O2 production rate compared to most reported photocatalysts.

ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS (2023)

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Editorial Material Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Floatable S-scheme photocatalyst for H2O2 production and organic synthesis

Rongan He et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Molecularly Engineered Covalent Organic Frameworks for Hydrogen Peroxide Photosynthesis

Mingpu Kou et al.

Summary: Synthesizing H2O2 through photocatalytic approach using a bipyridine-based covalent organic framework (COF-TfpBpy) shows high efficiency in small-scale production. The resulting H2O2 solution can degrade pollutants, and the photocatalytic activity is enhanced by the protonation of the bipyridine monomer. This work demonstrates the feasibility of COF-catalyzed photosynthesis of H2O2 from water and air, and provides a foundation for wastewater treatment using photocatalytic H2O2 solution.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Intramolecular heterostructured carbon nitride with heptazine-triazine for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Xiaowen Ruan et al.

Summary: The intramolecular heterostructure graphitic carbon nitride with heptazine-triazine (CN-HT) prepared by one-step thermal polymerization method exhibits superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. This is attributed to efficient separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers as well as expanded visible light absorption.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

The interaction of H2O, O2 and H2O + O2 molecules with g-C3N4 surface:A first-principle study

Xi Zhou et al.

Summary: The interactions between H2O, O-2, H2O + O-2, and the surface of graphene carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were investigated using a first-principle method. The results showed that N atoms near the bridge sites and vacancies on the g-C3N4 surface are highly active, promoting the dissociation of water molecules and forming hydrogen bonds after adsorption of water and oxygen. Adsorption of only H2O or O-2 molecules on the g-C(3)N(4) surface does not result in dissociation of the H2O and O-2 molecules, but hydrogen bonds are formed after H2O molecule adsorption. After O-2 adsorption, the two oxygen atoms of the O-2 molecule are bonded to carbon and nitrogen atoms on the g-C3N4 surface. There are two stable configurations for H2O + O-2 co-adsorption on the g-C3N4 surface (MA and MC), with adsorption energies of -57.35 kJ/mol and -61.10 kJ/mol, respectively. In the MA configuration, the two oxygen atoms of the O-2 molecule are bonded to C and N atoms of the g-C3N4 surface, respectively, and one hydrogen bond is formed between the H2O and O-2 molecules. In the MC configuration, three hydrogen bonds are formed at the interface of H2O + O-2 and the g-C3N4 surface. The H2O molecule dissociates, and the O-2 molecule transforms into a superoxide radical by gaining electrons. The formation of superoxide radicals contributes to the degradation of organic pollutants by g-C3N4.

DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Dynamics of Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Inorganic/Organic S-Scheme Heterojunctions

Linxi Wang et al.

Summary: By studying the behavior of photogenerated charge carriers in a heterojunction, we found that interfacial charge transfer in the step-scheme heterojunction occurs on a shorter time scale than recombination, leading to efficient charge separation. The charge-discharge property of polydopamine induces electron backflow, which is detrimental to practical photocatalytic applications. The composite showed higher photocatalytic H2O2-production activities due to faster H2O2 formation and suppressed H2O2 decomposition.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Protonated g-C3N4 coated Co9S8 heterojunction for photocatalytic H2O2 production

Han Zhang et al.

Summary: A type-II heterojunction of protonated g-C3N4 coated Co9S8 semiconductor was constructed for photocatalytic H2O2 production. The photocatalytic system achieved considerable productivity of H2O2 in alkaline medium without the need for organic electron donors or pure O2. The optimal photocatalyst also exhibited good reusability.

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation and H2 evolution performance of N-CDs/S-C3N4 S-scheme heterojunction constructed by π-π conjugate self-assembly

Xibao Li et al.

Summary: Constructing a heterojunction between semiconductors with matched energy band structure is an effective method to obtain excellent photocatalysts. In this study, nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were self-assembled on the surface of sulfur-doped carbon nitride (S-C3N4) semiconductor through pi-pi conjugate interaction using a simple solvent method. The resulting S-scheme heterojunction N CDS/S-C3N4 hybrid exhibited significantly improved photocatalytic degradation and hydrogen evolution performance under simulated sunlight irradiation.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Sulfur-doped g-C3N4/g-C3N4 isotype step-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic H2 evolution

Jizhou Jiang et al.

Summary: This study successfully develops a new heterojunction structure composed of sulfur-doped and sulfur-free active sites, which demonstrates high efficiency and durability in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The research contributes to the exploration of other carbon-based isotype S-scheme heterojunctions.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Small-molecule catalyzed H2O2 production via a phase-transfer photocatalytic process

Yu Zhao et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates a strategy to produce H2O2 with high yield using an organophotocatalyst, H2O, and O-2 as raw materials under ambient condition. The phase-transfer photocatalytic process involving both photocatalytic reduction of O-2 and photocatalytic oxidation of H2O is found to be the key to achieving high efficiency in H2O2 production.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Highly efficient photocatalytic H2O2 generation over dysprosium oxide-integrated g-C3N4 nanosheets with nitrogen deficiency

Mohamed Tarek Ahmed et al.

Summary: The global energy crisis has led to extensive research on clean alternative methods, such as H2O2 synthesis. This study focuses on the synthesis of a dysprosium oxide-integrated g-C3N4 material for photocatalytic H2O2 production. The results show that integrating dysprosium oxide onto g-C3N4 significantly enhances its photocatalytic performance.

CHEMOSPHERE (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Construction of highly active WO3/TpPa-1-COF S-scheme heterojunction toward photocatalytic H2 generation

Long Sun et al.

Summary: By decorating WO3 on covalent organic frameworks, the photocatalytic performance is significantly improved, with higher H-2 evolution rate and apparent quantum efficiency. XPS characterization confirms the formation of internal electric field between WO3 and TpPa-1-COF, which promotes charge separation.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Design principle of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst

Quanlong Xu et al.

Summary: A new opinion on general design standards for S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was recently presented, and four types of S-scheme heterojunctions were analyzed. Specifically, the critical understanding of the curved Fermi level at the interface of S-scheme heterojunction contributes to strengthening and promoting the basic theory of photocatalysis.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Review on g-C3N4-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts

Yunfeng Li et al.

Summary: With the rapid development of economy and modern industry, serious environmental pollution and energy shortage have become major urgent challenges to the human society. Photocatalysis is a promising technology to provide green energy. However, the limitations of g-C 3 N 4 , such as fast recombination of charges, limited light response range, and weak oxidation ability, restrict its photocatalytic performance. The construction of heterojunctions with g-C 3 N 4 and other semiconductor materials can effectively address these issues and improve the photocatalytic performance.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

S-scheme ZnO/WO 3 heterojunction photocatalyst for efficient H 2 O 2 production

Zicong Jiang et al.

Summary: This study successfully achieved highly efficient photocatalytic production of H2O2 through the design of a step-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst, significantly improving the production rate compared to traditional methods. The results indicate that the photocatalytic H2O2 production process predominantly occurs through a direct reduction pathway. The formation of an interfacial internal electric field (IEF) in the step-scheme heterojunction is attributed to the enhanced photocatalytic H2O2 production activity, promoting the spatial separation of charge carriers and enabling electrons with the strongest reduction power to participate in H2O2 production.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

In Situ Irradiated X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation on Electron Transfer Mechanism in S-Scheme Photocatalyst

Jianjun Zhang et al.

Summary: S-scheme photocatalysts have great potential in solar fuel production. In situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ISIXPS) is an effective technique to study electron transfer pathways in S-scheme heterojunctions. This Perspective provides an introduction to the development and formation mechanism of S-scheme photocatalysts, explains the principles of XPS and ISIXPS measurements, and discusses their applications in confirming interfacial electron transfer in S-scheme heterojunctions. Suggestions for future research on the utilization of ISIXPS in S-scheme heterojunctions are proposed.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2022)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for CO2 reduction

Linxi Wang et al.

Summary: S-scheme heterojunctions are widely used in photocatalytic CO2 reduction to separate photogenerated carriers and maximize the redox powers of photocatalysts. Various popular photocatalysts, such as metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, graphitic carbon nitrides, and bismuth oxyhalides, have been used to construct S-scheme heterojunctions and improve CO2 reduction performance.

MATTER (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

2D/2D S-scheme heterojunction with a covalent organic framework and g-C3N4 nanosheets for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution

Pengyu Dong et al.

Summary: The fabrication of S-scheme heterojunctions with fast charge transfer and good interface contacts can improve photocatalytic performance. In this study, a unique two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) heterojunction consisting of TpPa-1-COF/g-C3N4 nanosheets was developed, which exhibited a Tr-Tr conjugated interfacial structure. The presence of a built-in electric field resulting from spontaneous interfacial charge transfer enhanced charge separation and utilization via the S-scheme mechanism. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of TPCNNS-2 was approximately 2.8 and 5.6 times higher than that of pristine TpPa-1-COF and g-C3N4 nanosheets, respectively, under visible light irradiation.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

g-C3N4/CoTiO3 S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced visible light hydrogen production through photocatalytic pure water splitting

Aiyun Meng et al.

Summary: In this study, visible light photocatalytic hydrogen production from pure water splitting was achieved using a g-C3N4/CoTiO3 heterojunction photocatalyst, reaching an optimum hydrogen evolution rate of 118 μmol/h·g. The enhanced efficiency was attributed to intensified light absorption, synergistic effect of CoTiO3, improved charge separation efficiency, and strong redox capacity induced by the S-scheme charge transfer mechanism.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Construction of 3D flowers-like O-doped g-C3N4-[N-doped Nb2O5/C] heterostructure with direct S-scheme charge transport and highly improved visible-light-driven photocatalytic efficiency

Fahim A. Qaraah et al.

Summary: Constructing a suitable heterojunction photocatalytic system is an efficient approach for designing highly efficient photocatalysts. The step-scheme heterostructure system (S-scheme) has received widespread attention due to its ability to achieve efficient photogenerated carrier separation and strong photo-redox ability. In this study, a novel S-scheme heterojunction system consisting of 2D O-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets and 3D N-doped Nb2O5/C nanoflowers was constructed for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The fabricated material showed excellent photocatalytic efficiency and stability under visible-light illumination, which can be attributed to fast charge transfer, highly-efficient charge separation, and extended lifetime of photoinduced charge carriers.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Challenges of Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanisms

Linxi Wang et al.

Summary: This study analyzes the challenges of photocatalytic mechanisms in liquid-phase and all-solid-state Z-scheme systems from various perspectives, including thermodynamics, charge-transfer dynamics, applicability, and practical synthesis. It highlights the challenges for electron transfer in liquid-phase Z-scheme systems, where the dynamic motion of photocatalyst nanoparticles and redox couples, as well as the prohibition of transferring free electrons via water media, ultimately led to the flourishing of step-scheme heterojunctions.

TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Charge Accumulation Behavior in Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes

Cheng Wang et al.

Summary: QLEDs are considered the next-generation display technology due to their wide color gamut and narrow emission spectrum, but the future commercialization faces challenges, mainly due to the lower T95 lifetime. The working principle of QLED is based on electroluminescence, but its hole injection efficiency is low, leading to the accumulation of interfacial holes, thus affecting the device's lifetime and efficiency.

ACTA PHYSICO-CHIMICA SINICA (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Effect of calcination temperatures on photocatalytic H2O2-production activity of ZnO nanorods

Zicong Jiang et al.

Summary: ZnO nanorods were prepared via a simple hydrothermal method for photocatalytic H2O2 production. The calcination of ZnO nanorods at different temperatures significantly improved the photocatalytic activity for H2O2 production. ZnO calcined at 300 degrees C produced over 5 times more H2O2 than untreated ZnO.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Dynamics of Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Inorganic/Organic S-Scheme Heterojunctions

Linxi Wang et al.

Summary: The study investigated the behavior of photogenerated charge carriers within step-scheme heterojunction, revealing efficient charge separation mechanism. The charge-discharge property of polydopamine may result in electron backflow, which is not suitable for practical photocatalytic applications.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Carbon Vacancy Mediated Incorporation of Ti3C2 Quantum Dots in a 3D Inverse Opal g-C3N4 Schottky Junction Catalyst for Photocatalytic H2O2 Production

Sufen Lin et al.

Summary: The study successfully fabricated Ti3C2 quantum dot-modified defective inverse opal g-C3N4, achieving high efficiency in photocatalytic H2O2 production. By spatially separating electrons and holes, the recombination of charge carriers at defect sites was effectively avoided.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Unassisted photocatalytic H2O2 production under visible light by fluorinated polymer-TiO2 heterojunction

Yerin Hong et al.

Summary: The study introduced a hydrophobic organic/inorganic photocatalyst that can utilize visible light and suppress H2O2 decomposition, leading to improved H2O2 production efficiency.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Hierarchically Porous ZnO/g-C3N4S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Efficient H2O2 Production

Bowen Liu et al.

Summary: Hierarchically porous ZnO/g-C3N4 S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts were prepared with ZIF-8 and urea as precursors, showing high activity in photocatalytic H2O2 production. The mechanism of charge transfer and separation within the S-scheme heterojunction was studied using Kelvin probe, in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ISI-XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).

LANGMUIR (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Photocatalytic H2O2 production using Ti3C2 MXene as a non-noble metal cocatalyst

Yiming Chen et al.

Summary: Utilizing Ti3C2 MXene as a cocatalyst can greatly enhance the efficiency of TiO2 photocatalytic synthesis of H2O2. The study confirmed superoxide radical as the primary intermediate, indicating O2 reduction is a two-step single-electron indirect reaction.

APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

NiCo2O4 nanosheets as a novel oxygen-evolution-reaction cocatalyst in situ bonded on the g-C3N4 photocatalyst for excellent overall water splitting

Cheng Cheng et al.

Summary: This study successfully fabricated a 2D/2D coupled NiCo2O4/g-C3N4 nanostructure, which efficiently promoted the separation and migration of photo-generated charge carriers for g-C3N4 and reduced the energy barriers of the oxygen evolution reaction. By introducing Pt as a hydrogen-evolution-reaction cocatalyst, photocatalytic overall water splitting was achieved with high H-2 AQY.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary