Depth significantly affects plastisphere microbial evenness, assembly and co-occurrence pattern but not richness and composition

Microplastics have become one of the hot concerns of global marine pollution. In recent years, diversity and abiotic influence factors of plastisphere microbial communities were well documented, but our knowledge of their assembly mechanisms and co-occurrence patterns remains unclear, especially the effects of depth on them. Here, we collected microorganisms on microplastics to investigate how ocean depth affects on microbial diversity, community composition, assembly processes and co-occurrence patterns. Our results indicated that there were similar microbial richness and community compositions but microbial evenness and unique microbes were obviously different in different ocean layers. Our findings also demonstrated that deterministic processes played dominant roles in the assembly of the mesopelagic plastisphere microbial communities, while the bathypelagic microbial community assembly was mainly shaped by stochastic processes. In addition, the co-occurrence networks suggested that the relationships between microorganisms in the mesopelagic layer were more complex and stable than those in the bathypelagic layer. Simultaneously, we also found that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were the most abundant keystones which played important roles in microbial co-occurrence networks at both layers. This study enhanced our understanding of microbial diversity, assembly mechanism, and co-occurrence pattern on plastisphere surfaces, and provided useful insights into microorganisms capable of degrading plastics and microbial remediation.

Automated summary

Ocean depth affects microbial diversity, composition, and co-occurrence patterns of microplastic microbial communities. Deterministic processes dominate the assembly of mesopelagic plastisphere microbial communities, while stochastic processes shape the assembly of bathypelagic microbial communities. The relationships between microorganisms in the mesopelagic layer are more complex and stable, with Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota playing important roles.