4.7 Article

Spike formation theory in three-dimensional flow separation

期刊

JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
卷 969, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2023.559

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boundary layer separation; pattern formation; separated flows

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We propose a frame-invariant theory to describe the formation of material spikes during flow separation over a no-slip boundary in three-dimensional flows. Our theory identifies both fixed and moving separation based on the exact evolution of the largest principal curvature on near-wall material surfaces. We also derive explicit formulas for the evolution of the Weingarten map and the principal curvatures of any surface advected by general three-dimensional flows.
We develop a frame-invariant theory of material spike formation during flow separation over a no-slip boundary in three-dimensional flows with arbitrary time dependence. Based on the exact evolution of the largest principal curvature on near-wall material surfaces, our theory identifies fixed and moving separation. Our approach is effective over short time intervals and admits an instantaneous limit. As a byproduct, we derive explicit formulas for the evolution of the Weingarten map and the principal curvatures of any surface advected by general three-dimensional flows. The material backbone we identify acts first as a precursor and later as the centrepiece of Lagrangian flow separation. We discover previously undetected spiking points and curves where the separation backbones connect to the boundary and provide wall-based analytical formulas for their locations. We illustrate our results on several steady and unsteady flows.

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