Traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects of diaphragma juglandis fructus: A review

Ethnopharmacological relevance: In traditional Uyghur medicine, diaphragma juglandis fructus (DJF) has been conventionally used in treating insomnia and nourishing the kidneys. According to traditional Chinese medicine, DJF can boosts kidney and astringent essence, strengthen the spleen and kidney, exert diuretic effect, clear heat, stop eructation, and treat vomiting.Aim of the review: Research on DJF has increased gradually in recent years, but reviews of its traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities are scarce. The purpose of this review is to analyze the traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities of DJF and provide an overview of the findings for further research and development of DJF resources.Materials and methods: Data on DJF were obtained from different databases, including Scifinder, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, ACS, CNKI, Baidu Scholar, and Google Scholar; books; and Ph.D. and MSc theses.Results: According to traditional Chinese medicine, DJF has astringent properties, inhibits bleeding and banding, strengthens the spleen and kidneys, acts as a sleeping aid by reducing anxiety, and relieves dysentery due to heat exposure. The components of DJF include flavonoids, phenolic acids, quinones, steroids, lignans, and volatile oils, which exhibit good antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and sedativehypnotic properties, and present therapeutic potential for kidney diseases.Conclusions: Based on its traditional use, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities, DJF is a promising source of natural medicine in the development of functional foods, drugs, and cosmetics.

Automated summary

The review aims to analyze the traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities of diaphragma juglandis fructus (DJF) and provide an overview for further research and development. DJF has been traditionally used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat insomnia, nourish the kidneys, and has various pharmacological properties. Its components include flavonoids, phenolic acids, quinones, steroids, lignans, and volatile oils, which exhibit therapeutic potential for kidney diseases and have antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic properties.