Global resilience analysis of combined sewer systems under continuous hydrologic simulation

Managing and reducing combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharges is crucial for enhancing the resilience of combined sewer systems (CSS). However, the absence of a standardised resilience analysis approach poses challenges in developing effective discharge reduction strategies. To address this, our study presents a top-down method that expands the existing Global Resilience Analysis to quantify resilience performance in CSS. This approach establishes a link between threats (e.g., rainfall) and impacts (e.g., CSOs) through continuous and longterm simulation, accommodating various rainfall patterns, including extreme events. We assess CSO discharge impacts from a resilience perspective by introducing eight new metrics. We conducted a case study in Fehraltorf, Switzerland, analysing the performance of three green infrastructure (GI) types (bioretention cells, green roofs, and permeable pavements) over 38 years. The results demonstrated that GI enhanced all resilience indices, with variations observed in individual CSO performance metrics and their system locations. Notably, in Fehraltorf, green roofs emerged as the most effective GI type for improving resilience, while the downstream outfall displayed the highest resilience enhancement. Overall, our proposed method enables a shift from event-based to continuous simulation analysis, providing a standardised approach for resilience assessment. This approach informs the development of strategies for CSO discharge reduction and the enhancement of CSS resilience.

Automated summary

This study presents a top-down method to quantify resilience performance in combined sewer systems (CSS) by expanding the existing Global Resilience Analysis. It establishes a link between threats and impacts through continuous and long-term simulation, and introduces eight new metrics to assess CSO discharge impacts. A case study in Fehraltorf, Switzerland demonstrates that green infrastructure enhances CSS resilience, with green roofs being the most effective type and the downstream outfall displaying the highest resilience enhancement. This approach provides a standardized approach for resilience assessment and informs the development of strategies for CSO discharge reduction and CSS resilience enhancement.