Degradation of emerging pollutants on bifunctional ZnFeV LDH@graphite felt cathode through prominent catalytic activity in heterogeneous electrocatalytic processes

The heterogeneous Electro-Fenton (EF) process is a promising wastewater treatment technology that can generate onsite H2O2, and operate in a wide pH range without generating a metal sludge. However, the heterogeneous EF process needs bifunctional cathode electrodes that can have high activity in 2e(-) oxygen reduction reaction and H2O2 decomposition. Herein, ZnFeV layered double hydroxide (LDH), as a heterogeneous catalyst, was coated on the graphite felt (ZnFeV LDH@GF) cathode using the electrophoretic deposition method. ZnFeV LDH@GF cathode was able to generate 59.8 +/- 5.9 mg L-1 H2O2 in 90 min under a constant supply of O-2. EF process with ZnFeV LDH@GF cathode exhibited 89.8 +/- 6.8% removal efficiency for pharmaceutical (cipro-floxacin) at neutral pH. Remarkably, the apparent reaction rate constant (kapp) of the ZnFeV LDH@GF-EF was 2.14 times that of the EF process with pristine GF. ZnFeV LDH coating increased the hydroxyl radical (center dot OH) production of the EF process from 1.74 mM to 3.65 mM. The pathway of center dot OH production is thought to be a single electron transfer from redox couples of Fe2+/ Fe3+ and V4+/V5+ to H2O2. After 10 reuse cycles, the ZnFeV LDH@GF cathode retained 90.2% of its efficiency. Eight intermediate compounds were identified by GC-MS including cyclic compounds and aliphatic compounds.

Automated summary

The heterogeneous Electro-Fenton (EF) process is a promising wastewater treatment technology. ZnFeV LDH@GF cathode exhibited high efficiency in H2O2 generation and pharmaceutical removal. The ZnFeV LDH coating increased the hydroxyl radical (center dot OH) production and the efficiency of the ZnFeV LDH@GF cathode remained stable after multiple reuse cycles.