4.4 Review

Radiation Safety Education and Practices in Urology: A Review

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X-ray therapy safety and awareness education for medical trainees and attending physicians

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Summary: This study aimed to assess the level of radiation safety knowledge and training among medical trainees and attending physicians. Medical students had a lower rate (41.9%) of receiving radiation safety training compared to attending physicians (14.9%). Attending physicians and residents had more frequent exposure to radiation and better knowledge of radiation safety. Online courses and workshops were the preferred methods of training.

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The use of digital magnification to reduce radiation dose in the cardiac catheter laboratory

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Summary: Using digital matrix magnification to enlarge images by 33% without using X-ray machine zoom magnification protocols resulted in over 30% reduction in kerma-area product (KAP) for both diagnostic and interventional procedures in a cardiac catheter laboratory. This approach demonstrated significant dose reduction without loss of image resolution, indicating its potential applicability in interventional radiology as well.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY (2022)

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How should radiation exposure be handled in fluoroscopy-guided endoscopic procedures in the field of gastroenterology?

Mamoru Takenaka et al.

Summary: Fluoroscopy-guided endoscopic procedures (FGEPs) are becoming popular in gastroenterology, but radiation is a known health hazard. Gastroenterologists should understand and adhere to radiation protection principles and DRLs to protect themselves and patients from radiation exposure.

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Rules and regulations for a pregnant endourologist: the European perspective

Patrick Juliebo-Jones et al.

Summary: There are significant variations in maternity leave policies across European countries, with some offering additional weeks of paid or unpaid leave. Furthermore, there is a lack of universal guidance on radiation safety for pregnant clinicians, highlighting the need for standardized protocols and policies to address this issue.

WORLD JOURNAL OF UROLOGY (2022)

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ALARA in Urology: Steps to Minimise Radiation Exposure During All Parts of the Endourological Journey

Bhanot Radhika et al.

Summary: This article provides an overview of the global burden and management of kidney stone disease (KSD) and its reliance on ionising radiation. It emphasizes the importance of ionising radiation in various stages of endourological management, along with strategies to reduce radiation exposure and risks. The article highlights the need for urologists to minimize their own exposure risks and improve practice in this area through teaching programs, checklists, and judicious use of imaging techniques.

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Fluoroscopy-use during ureterorenoscopy: are urologists concerned about radiation exposure? A nationwide survey in Belgium and The Netherlands

Michael M. E. L. Henderickx et al.

Summary: The study found a wide variety in the use and awareness of radiation among urologists during URS procedures. Some urologists lack awareness of radiation safety, which highlights the need for further education and training to reduce the negative effects of radiation on patients and medical staff.

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Radiation Exposure of Surgical Team During Endourological Procedures: International Atomic Energy Agency-South-Eastern European Group for Urolithiasis Research Study

Jenia Vassileva et al.

Summary: This multicenter study found that the practice of radiation protection among operating team members during fluoroscopy-guided endourology procedures was inconsistent. While lead aprons and thyroid collars were universally used, protective eyewear was only used in half of the centers. Standard protocols for fluoroscopy use and increased awareness of radiation protection are needed to improve safety for surgical staff.

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Emre Altintas et al.

Summary: The study aimed to assess the awareness of fluoroscopy use and preventive measures among urologists in Turkey. Results showed a lack of information on radiation protection and harmful effects of radiation among participants, indicating a need for systematic training programs on fluoroscopy use and radiation exposure in urology residency.

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Kelly Ong et al.

Summary: The study reveals suboptimal compliance with radiation safety guidelines in contemporary urologic practice, posing a significant occupational health concern that urgently requires addressing the availability of protective equipment.

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Flat Panel Detector c-Arms Are Associated with Dramatically Reduced Radiation Exposure During Ureteroscopy and Produce Superior Images

Jason J. Lee et al.

Summary: This study compared radiation doses from new FPD c-arms and traditional CII c-arms during ureteroscopy, finding that FPD group had significantly lower radiation doses and higher image quality compared to the CII group.

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Il Woo Park et al.

Summary: This study measured the radiation exposure for urologists during retrograde intrarenal surgery and found that wearing lead collars and aprons significantly reduced radiation exposure. With recommended protective measures in place, urologists can safely perform up to 517 procedures per year.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Effect of Structured Educational Program on Practices of Radiation Safety Measures Among Health Care Providers in Urology Operation Theater

Vijay Kumar et al.

Summary: The study conducted at JIPMER Department of Urology showed that educational interventions significantly improved the knowledge of radiation safety measures among healthcare providers, leading to increased use of radiation protective gear. Regular structured educational programs are recommended for a healthy and safe working environment in urology operation theaters.

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Samir Kakodkar et al.

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Awareness and implementation of lonizing radiation safety measures among urology community in Egypt: nationwide survey

Mohamed Omar et al.

Summary: The study aimed to assess the awareness and implementation of radiation safety measures among Egyptian Urology Trainees and Urologists. Results showed a lack of awareness and implementation of these measures, with receiving radiation safety courses being the only predictor of good compliance.

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Andrew M. Harris et al.

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Bo Kyung Cheon et al.

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Eye lens radiation exposure of the medical staff performing interventional urology procedures with an over-couch X-ray tube

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Should surgeons control fluoroscopy during urology procedures?

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Surgical Staff Radiation Protection During Fluoroscopy-Guided Urologic Interventions

Francois Galonnier et al.

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Radiation exposure to a pregnant urological surgeon - what is safe?

Angela M. Birnie et al.

BJU INTERNATIONAL (2015)

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Claudio F. Borges et al.

INTERNATIONAL UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY (2015)

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The Knowledge of Radiation and the Attitude Towards Radio-Protection among Urology Residents in India

Tarun Jindal

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH (2015)

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Radiation Exposure in Gastroenterology: Improving Patient and Staff Protection

Immanuel K. H. Ho et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

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Radiation safety education in vascular surgery training

Stefano J. Bordoli et al.

JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY (2014)

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Online Training on the Safe Use of Fluoroscopy Can Result in a Significant Decrease in Patient Dose

Katherine C. Frederick-Dyer et al.

ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY (2013)

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Radiation Safety Knowledge and Practices Among Urology Residents and Fellows: Results of a Nationwide Survey

Ariella A. Friedman et al.

JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION (2013)

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Knowledge and Attitude of European Urology Residents About Ionizing Radiation

Haluk Soylemez et al.

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Influence of surgeon's experience on fluoroscopy time during endourological interventions

M. Ritter et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF UROLOGY (2013)

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Radiation Exposure-Do Urologists Take it Seriously in Turkey?

Haluk Soylemez et al.

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Staff Doses in Interventional Radiology: A National Survey

Roberto Mariano Sanchez et al.

JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY (2012)

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Tracking Intraoperative Fluoroscopy Utilization Reduces Radiation Exposure During Ureteroscopy

Tin C. Ngo et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY (2011)

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Prevalence of Orthopedic Complaints Among Endourologists and Their Compliance with Radiation Safety Measures

Mohamed A. Elkoushy et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY (2011)

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Occupational radiation doses to operators performing cardiac catheterization procedures

Kwang Pyo Kim et al.

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