4.6 Article

Salivary metabolomic profile associated with cariogenic risk in children

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JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY
卷 136, 期 -, 页码 -

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ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104645

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Biomarkers; NMR spectroscopy; Dental caries; Saliva; Diagnosis; Metabolomics

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This study identified metabolomic differences in saliva between healthy children and children with active carious lesions, and developed a predictive model based on the salivary metabolomic profile. The results showed differences in metabolites, particularly saccharides and amino acids, between the two groups, suggesting their association with caries risk. These findings contribute to the research of salivary biomarkers, caries risk assessment, and personalized prevention strategies.
Objectives: To identify the metabolomic differences in the saliva of healthy children versus children with active carious lesions and to estimate the predictive capacity of a model based on the salivary metabolomic profile.Methods: A study of cases (n = 31) and controls (n = 37) was designed for children aged between 6 and 12 (mean age of the cases: 8.9; controls: 8.7). The said children attended public health centers in Valencia, Spain. Intraoral examinations were performed by a single examiner using ICDAS II diagnostic criteria. Unstimulated total saliva samples were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.Results: The dft index for cases was 2.84 while it was 0.19 for the control group, the DMFT index was 1.13 and 0.11, respectively. The predictive model generated by the multivariate PLS-DA analysis projects a separation between the cases and the controls on the score chart with a predictive capacity and generating an area under the curve of 0.71. The metabolites: 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, acetone, citrate, ornithine, ethanolamine, taurine, proline, glycine, mannose, glucose, 1-6-Anhydro-& beta;-D-glucose and citraconate, are those that show greater significance in the model. In the controls, glycine (Cohen's d = 0.430) and glucose (Cohen's d = 0.560) present higher means compared to the cases. On the contrary, taurine (Cohen's d= -0.474) and mannose (Cohen's d= -0.456) show higher means in cases compared to controls. Conclusions: Our findings show a difference in the salivary metabolomic profiles, specifically in the groups of saccharides and amino acids, suggesting an association of these with the level of caries risk. Clinical significance: The results reported in the present study reinforce the use of salivary metabolomics as a research method for the search for salivary biomarkers that allow the evaluation of caries risk in patients. Furthermore, it brings us closer to a personalized medicine that will help in dental caries prevention strategies.

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