4.2 Review

Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers: An Overview

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Optimal operating conditions evaluation of an anion-exchange-membrane electrolyzer based on FUMASEP? FAA3-50 membrane

Irene Gatto et al.

Summary: Water electrolysis for hydrogen production is an environmentally friendly method, especially when powered by renewable energy sources. The use of anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) in electrolyzer technology has attracted growing interest. In this study, a FAA3-5 0 anion-exchange membrane is tested as the electrolyte/separator in a 5 cm2 electrolysis cell, with IrO2 and Pt/C catalysts at the anode and cathode, respectively. The effects of cell temperature, membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) procedure, and electrolyte choice on performance are analyzed, with the catalyst-coated membrane approach and diluted KOH solution showing potential for improved operation.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2023)

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High-Performing Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Using Self-Supported Metal Phosphide Anode Catalysts and an Ether-Free Aromatic Polyelectrolyte

Sasidharan Sankar et al.

Summary: The noble metal-free Ni2P-Fe/NF electrode is a high-performing anode electrode that can be used in AEMWE systems with the assistance of a durable ether-free aromatic polyelectrolyte. The electrode exhibits a low cell voltage and excellent energy conversion efficiency, and can operate stably for up to 24 hours.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2023)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Active Co@CoO core/shell nanowire arrays as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction

Changhao Wang et al.

Summary: This study presents a facile method to fabricate Co@CoO core/shell nanowire arrays as an efficient electrocatalyst for HER. The nanowire arrays exhibit superior catalytic activity with ultra-low overpotential in alkaline solution and excellent long-term stability, making them promising for hydrogen evolution applications.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

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Combined MOF derivation and fluorination imparted efficient synergism of Fe-Co fluoride for oxygen evolution reaction

Xiaocong Gu et al.

Summary: Efficient catalytic synergism is demonstrated in high-performance catalyst fabrication by combining MOF derivatives and fluorination techniques. The FeCo fluoride hybrid catalyst shows significantly improved catalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction compared to traditional methods, highlighting the importance of multi-metal MOF-derived fluorides in enhancing catalytic efficiency.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Perspective on the hydrogen economy as a pathway to reach net-zero CO2 emissions in Europe

Mijndert van der Spek et al.

Summary: The role of hydrogen in the energy transition has evolved over the years, and the current focus is on its versatility in aiding the transition to CO2 neutrality. However, strong political support and robust infrastructure design are necessary for the realization of the hydrogen economy. Multiple barriers need to be addressed, including technology development, infrastructure co-creation, policy, market design, and business model development. This article provides a comprehensive understanding of the elements in the hydrogen economy, its current state, and the gaps that need to be filled.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2022)

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Recent developments on transition metal-based electrocatalysts for application in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis

Raja Rafidah Raja Sulaiman et al.

Summary: AEMWE utilizes low-cost transition metals as electrocatalysts, showing potential in water electrolysis. Proper understanding of reaction mechanisms and careful optimization of catalyst materials are crucial for enhancing water splitting efficiency.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

High-performance and durable water electrolysis using a highly conductive and stable anion-exchange membrane

Sun Young Kang et al.

Summary: The commercialization of anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is crucial for producing low-cost and high-purity hydrogen. In this study, a high-performance and stable AEMWE was developed by using an anion-exchange membrane without an aryl-ether backbone structure. The adapted AEM exhibited improved performance and better durability compared to the conventional AEM.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Electrochemical- and mechanical stability of catalyst layers in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis

Britta Mayerhoefer et al.

Summary: This study focuses on key issues in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis, including the selection of anode catalysts and membrane and electrode binders, as well as strategies for improving stability and durability.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2022)

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Effect of catalyst layer designs for high-performance and durable anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis

Ji Eun Park et al.

Summary: The development of anode design is crucial for efficient and durable anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) due to slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A macroporous catalyst layer (macroporous_CL) is proposed as an alternative anode design for AEMWE to enhance catalyst utilization and electron transport. It has been found that the macroporous_CL exhibits higher performance, lower resistance, and better durability compared to the conventional catalyst layer (plain_CL).

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Soluble poly(aryl piperidinium) with extended aromatic segments as anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells and water electrolysis

Min Liu et al.

Summary: The superacid-catalyzed polymerization and quaternization reaction is an effective method for preparing AEM materials with high conductivity and stability. The PQP-100 AEM shows excellent conductivity, morphology stability, catalytic efficiency, and advantages in membrane thickness.

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Three-Dimensional Unified Electrode Design Using a NiFeOOH Catalyst for Superior Performance and Durable Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers

Ji Eun Park et al.

Summary: The development of a three-dimensional unified electrode with nickel-iron oxyhydroxide directly electrodeposited on a gas diffusion layer for anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWE) has shown higher catalytic activity than conventional electrodes with separate catalyst layers. The unified electrode demonstrated stable performance over 500 hours and achieved outstanding AEMWE performance of 3600 mA cm(-2) at 1.9 V, making it a promising alternative for reducing hydrogen production costs.

ACS CATALYSIS (2022)

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Machine learning assisted high-throughput screening of transition metal single atom based superb hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts

Muhammad Umer et al.

Summary: This study highlights a new perspective for the rational design of transition metal single-atom catalysts (SACs) using density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML) approaches. By embedding single atoms of 3d/4d/5d transition metals in different substrates, the electronic properties of 364 catalysts were tuned. Machine learning analysis identified stable and high-performance catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) based on various descriptors. The study provides a fundamental understanding for the efficient rational design of TM-SACs for H-2 production through water-splitting.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2022)

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Development of Ni-Ir Oxide Composites as Oxygen Catalysts for an Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer

Deok-Hye Park et al.

Summary: In this study, Ni-IrOx composite catalysts were prepared by a solid-state reaction for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting. The best OER performance was achieved by Ni-IrOx-400, which showed enhanced stability compared to IrO2.

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Crystal Structures of Iron-Based Oxides and Their Catalytic Efficiencies for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: A Trend in Alkaline Media

Yuuki Sugawara et al.

Summary: The physical and chemical properties of inorganic materials depend on their crystal structures, making precise structure design important for the development of efficient electrocatalysts. This study analyzed various iron-based oxides and found clear correlations between their oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities and structural descriptors, with the Fe-O bond length identified as the most dominant descriptor for OER on iron-based oxides.

CHEMELECTROCHEM (2022)

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Evaluating the Case for Reduced Precious Metal Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers

McKenzie A. Hubert et al.

Summary: This article discusses the key technology of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers in decarbonizing hydrogen production. The importance of diversifying catalyst materials to reduce system costs and mitigate supply chain risk is emphasized, and the trade-offs between catalyst capital cost and activity are analyzed.

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Principles of Water Electrolysis and Recent Progress in Cobalt-, Nickel-, and Iron-Based Oxides for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Mingquan Yu et al.

Summary: Water electrolysis for green hydrogen production is crucial for a circular economy, but supply of sustainable electricity and availability of OER electrocatalysts are major bottlenecks. Co-, Ni-, and Fe-based catalysts are considered potential candidates to replace noble metals due to their versatility, abundance, and tunable electron configurations.

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Multistep Sulfur Leaching for the Development of a Highly Efficient and Stable NiSx/Ni(OH)2/NiOOH Electrocatalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

Lu Xia et al.

Summary: A Ni-rich NiSx/Ni(OH)(2)/NiOOH catalyst derived from NiS2/Ni3S4 nanocubes shows high catalytic activity and stability in alkaline water electrolysis. This finding is significant for the development of stable chalcogenide-based anodic electrocatalysts.

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Surface Engineering of Defective and Porous Ir Metallene with Polyallylamine for Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis

Kai Deng et al.

Summary: This work presents the fabrication of polyallylamine-encapsulated Ir metallene with defects and a porous structure (Ir@PAH metallene) through a one-step wet chemical reduction method. The Ir@PAH metallene exhibits excellent performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with low overpotential, a low Tafel slope, and almost no activity decay after stability test. The abundant defects and pores, as well as the nanosheet structures of Ir@PAH metallene, provide a large specific surface area, high conductivity, and efficient mass transport/diffusion. The surface-functionalized PAH molecules play a crucial role in modulating the electronic structure and capturing hydrogen ions, which is beneficial for HER in acidic media.

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Crystalline-amorphous interface of mesoporous Ni2P @ FePOxHy for oxygen evolution at high current density in alkaline-anion-exchange-membrane water-electrolyzer

Abhishek Meena et al.

Summary: Developing low-cost, efficient, and stable electrocatalysts are crucial for industrial high-purity hydrogen production. This study introduces an active pre-electrocatalyst that achieves high current density at low overpotential, meeting the commercial requirements for oxygen evolution reaction. Additionally, by combining with a non-noble metal-based HER catalyst, complete water-splitting is achieved in a highly corrosive alkaline environment, and an economically viable alkaline-anion-exchange-membrane water-electrolyzer is fabricated.

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Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers

Naiying Du et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the latest advances in the field of water electrolyzers regarding catalysts, membranes, and membrane electrode assemblies, focusing on the research focus of AEPs, improvement methods for AEMs, and current challenges including OER and HER. Despite rapid advancements in the field, stability remains a major issue that needs to be addressed.

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What is Next in Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers? Bottlenecks, Benefits, and Future

Carlo Santoro et al.

Summary: This article discusses the development status of anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEM-WE) and highlights the key aspects for research and potential routes for overcoming the remaining issues.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2022)

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Nanostructured cobalt-based metal-organic framework/cadmium sulfide electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction and anion exchange membrane-based water electrolysis: Synergistic effect

Kamakshaiah Charyulu Devayulalli et al.

Summary: Precious metal-free electrocatalysts are crucial for the production of green hydrogen using low-cost electrolysis technology. This study proposes a low-cost electrocatalyst composed of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles decorated in a Cobalt-based metal-organic framework, showing excellent electrochemical reactivity and stability, making it a promising electrolyzer for commercial power market.

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Construction of Integrated Electrodes with Transport Highways for Pure-Water-Fed Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

Lei Wan et al.

Summary: This study focuses on the design of high-performance and durable electrodes for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in pure-water-fed anion exchange membrane water electrolysis. The researchers fabricated an integrated electrode with vertically aligned ionomer-incorporated nickel-iron layered double hydroxide nanosheet arrays, which significantly improved the transport of liquid/gas, hydroxide ions, and electron in the anode, resulting in a high current density.
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Perovskite Oxides as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Md Sofiul Alom et al.

Summary: Electrocatalytic splitting of water to generate hydrogen is an attractive method for converting renewable energy into chemical energy. This mini-review discusses the development of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts based on perovskite oxides in the past decade and highlights their great potential in HER electrocatalysis.

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Prediction of Oxygen Evolution Activity for NiCoFe Oxide Catalysts via Machine Learning

Xue Jiang et al.

Summary: In this study, a data-driven method for predicting overpotential is proposed through machine learning, and the physical features related to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential are analyzed. The results show that the features based on first ionization energies and outermost d-orbital electron numbers are the principal factors, and their linearly decreasing correlation with overpotential provides direct guidance for overpotential-oriented component design.

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Multiple Factors on Catalytic Activity for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Magnetoplumbite Fe-Co Oxide BaFe12-xCoxO19

Ikuya Yamada et al.

Summary: This study investigates the physical and electrochemical properties of BaFe12-xCoxO19 solid solution and its catalytic activity in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Co and Fe doping into BaFe12O19 and BaCo12O19 increases the OER activity, with maximum activity observed at x = 5 and 10 compositions. The nonsystematic change in activity for intermediate compositions suggests a competition of factors affecting OER activity.

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Optimization of the membrane electrode assembly for an alkaline water electrolyser based on the catalyst-coated membrane

Michaela Plevova et al.

Summary: This study focuses on the preparation and characterization of catalyst-coated membranes for an alkaline water electrolysis process. Non-PGM catalysts were used on both sides of the membrane, and the optimal catalyst-to-binder ratio was identified. The resulting membrane electrode assembly showed high stability and performance under typical alkaline water electrolysis conditions.

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Building up the Genome of bi-atom catalysts toward efficient HER/OER/ORR

Lihong Zhang et al.

Summary: Efficiently designed atomically dispersed bi-atom catalysts show promising catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction, and oxygen reduction reactions, providing a new direction for developing renewable energies.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2022)

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Ionomer-Free Nickel-Iron bimetallic electrodes for efficient anion exchange membrane water electrolysis

E. Lopez-Fernandez et al.

Summary: Bimetallic catalyst films prepared by magnetron sputtering in an oblique angle configuration (MS-OAD) demonstrate high activity, stability, and operation capability for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (AEMWE), even under ionomer-free conditions.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

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A two-dimensional perovskite oxyfluoride Pb3Fe2O5F2 as a catalyst for electrochemical oxidation of water to oxygen

Ryusuke Mizuochi et al.

Summary: A two-dimensional perovskite oxyfluoride electrode, Pb3Fe2O5F2, exhibited high activity for electrochemical oxidation of water, with almost unity faradaic efficiency and a significantly lower oxidation potential compared to the 3D bulk analogue PbFeO2F prepared in a similar manner.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS (2022)

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Oligomeric chain extender-derived anion conducting membrane materials with poly(p-phenylene)-based architecture for fuel cells and water electrolyzers

Min Suc Cha et al.

Summary: Here, we report a series of oligomeric chain extender-derived AEMs with increased molecular weights. These membranes showed excellent polymer main-chain stability as well as outstanding hydroxide conductivity, making them potentially useful in fuel cells and electrolyzers.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2022)

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Fabrication and Characterization of Controlled-Morphology Self-Supported Fe/Co Layered Double Hydroxides as Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Yujuan Yue et al.

Summary: Electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production involves two half reactions: fast hydrogen evolution and slow oxygen evolution, which can be accelerated by electrocatalysts. Fe-doped Co layered double hydroxides were synthesized on 3D Ni foam and evaluated as OER catalysts, showing a synergistic effect of Fe and Co on performance enhancement. The best-performing catalyst, Co3Fe1-LDH/NF, exhibited nanoneedle morphology, low overpotential, small Tafel slope, and long-term stability, highlighting the importance of precise control of catalyst morphology for developing non-precious metal electrocatalysts.

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Overview: State-of-the Art Commercial Membranes for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

Dirk Henkensmeier et al.

Summary: Water electrolysis is considered a promising method for storing and distributing large amounts of renewable energy, but current technologies face challenges such as high costs and scarce catalysts. Anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis is seen as a potential solution, with advantages including low cost, high operational capacity, and fast response times.

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Engineered Thin Diffusion Layers for Anion-Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Cells with Outstanding Performance

Kui Li et al.

Summary: In this study, an engineered liquid/gas diffusion layer (LGDL) with tunable pore morphologies was reported to enable high performance of AEMECs. Compared to a commercial titanium foam, the engineered LGDL significantly improved interfacial contacts, mass transport, and activation of reaction sites in the electrolyzer, leading to outstanding performance. This study provides insight for designing advanced LGDLs for low-cost and high-efficiency AEMECs production.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Next-generation anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers operating for commercially relevant lifetimes

Behrooz Motealleh et al.

Summary: The use of Sustainion (R) anion exchange membranes in alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolysis has shown good performance relative to industrial parameters, with stability and longer lifetime. Accelerated voltage shock tests were used to simulate daily cycling performance over 30 years, showing that performance can be improved by adding zirconia to the polymer matrix and mechanically reinforcing the membrane.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2021)

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Electrochemical synergies of Fe-Ni bimetallic MOF CNTs catalyst for OER in water splitting

Lubna Yaqoob et al.

Summary: This study systematically analyzed the electrocatalytic behavior of an amiable and economical FeNiNH2BDC MOF and its CNTs composites for oxygen evolution reaction. The synergistic effect of bimetallic MOF and conductive CNTs support was found to enhance the catalytic response. The FeNiNH2BDC-5 wt % CNTs composite showed promising catalytic activity, making it a potential alternative to expensive Pt, Pd, Ir, and Ru based catalysts.

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Water-Fed Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Enabled by a Fluoride-Incorporated Nickel-Iron Oxyhydroxide Oxygen Evolution Electrode

Junwu Xiao et al.

Summary: A new dissolved oxygen and galvanic corrosion method was developed to synthesize vertically aligned fluoride-incorporated nickel-iron oxyhydroxide nanosheet arrays for an efficient self-supported oxygen evolution electrode. When integrated with a hydroxide exchange membrane electrolyzer, the system achieved a high performance of 1020 mA cm(-2) at 1.8 V and demonstrated catalyst stability over >160 hours of continuous operation at 200 mA cm(-2). This work offers a potential pathway for large-scale production of low-cost hydrogen using intermittent renewable energy sources.

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Recent Advancement on Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell and Water Electrolysis

Mrinmay Mandal

Summary: Highly conductive anion exchange membranes play a crucial role in fuel cells and water electrolysis, contributing to cost reduction and efficiency improvement. Recent studies have reported significant advancements, especially in alkaline membrane fuel cells.

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Pure Water Solid Alkaline Water Electrolyzer Using Fully Aromatic and High-Molecular-Weight Poly(fluorene-alt-tetrafluorophenylene)-trimethyl Ammonium Anion Exchange Membranes and Ionomers

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Identifying Metallic Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides for Hydrogen Evolution through Multilevel High-Throughput Calculations and Machine Learning

Nian Ran et al.

Summary: Through systematic high-throughput calculation screening, a series of two-dimensional TMD materials have been identified as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction, showing catalytic activity comparable to Pt(111). Furthermore, electronic structural analysis indicates that active electrons induced by defects are typically delocalized in the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest neighbor range, rather than at single-atom active sites.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2021)

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Sustainable Oxide Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen- and Oxygen-Evolution Reactions

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Summary: A water-splitting electrocatalyst based on earth-abundant metals, CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-delta (CSFCM), shows high activity, stability, and the ability to catalyze both oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions effectively in various conditions. Its catalytic activity is intrinsic without the need for additional processing, making it a good benchmark compound for future studies of electrocatalytic parameters. Results suggest that systematic structural design and maximizing the number of free e(g) carriers are key factors in enhancing electrocatalytic activity.

ACS CATALYSIS (2021)

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Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis on CaFe2O4 and Its Reaction Mechanism

Yuuki Sugawara et al.

Summary: CaFe2O4, a bimetallic oxide of iron and calcium, exhibits superior OER activity in alkaline media compared to previously reported Fe-based bimetallic oxides. Density functional theory calculations suggest that its outstanding performance is facilitated by an unconventional mechanism involving direct formation of O-O bonds between oxygen intermediates on the catalyst surface.

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Enhanced hydrogen evolution from the face-sharing [RuO6] octahedral motif

Fan Zhang et al.

Summary: This study synthesized a metal oxide Sr4Ru2O9 through the solid-state method, which showed excellent catalytic activity and stability as a HER electrocatalyst in alkaline media. The findings provide a new insight for designing novel active sites for electrocatalysis.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY (2021)

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The promise of hydrogen production from alkaline anion exchange membrane electrolyzers

Changqing Li et al.

Summary: Producing hydrogen using anion exchange membrane water electrolysis is a promising approach to address the energy crisis, but further understanding and improvement of the technology is needed, including increasing power efficiency and reducing costs.

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Exposing unsaturated Cu1-O2 sites in nanoscale Cu-MOF for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Weiren Cheng et al.

Summary: We have developed a promising electrocatalyst composed of Fe(OH)(x)@Cu-MOF nanoboxes, which exhibit superior activity and stability for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.

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Performance and Durability of Pure-Water-Fed Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers Using Baseline Materials and Operation

Grace A. Lindquist et al.

Summary: Green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis powered by renewable electricity can replace fossil fuels. Anion-exchange-membrane (AEM) electrolyzers offer advantages of commercial proton-exchange-membrane systems with the use of less expensive materials and catalysts. Limited research and development in AEM electrolyzers due to lack of accessible materials and difficulty in comparing results, but using commercially available materials can provide a high-performance baseline for future development.

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Corrosion-engineered bimetallic oxide electrode as anode for high-efficiency anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer

Jooyoung Lee et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that corroding conventional nickel foam in the presence of exotic Fe3+ cations can transform it into a high catalytic electrode for the oxygen evolution reaction. The resulting electrode, made of densely packed Ni0.75Fe2.25O4 nanoparticles less than 5 nm in size, outperforms state-of-the-art IrO2 catalyst by requiring a lower overpotential for OER activity. This approach offers a simple, cost-effective, and scalable route to high-performance OER electrodes for efficient AEM water electrolysis.

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NiCo bimetal organic frames derived well-matched electrocatalyst pair for highly efficient overall urea solution electrolysis

Dandan Wei et al.

Summary: In this study, NiCo MOFs grown on nickel foam were used as precursors to prepare electrocatalysts for anodic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) separately, showing excellent catalytic activity.

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Building CoP/Co-MOF heterostructure in 2D nanosheets for improving electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution over a wide pH range

Qiling Li et al.

Summary: This study proposed a facile method to fabricate a self-supported electrode with excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities. The optimized 2D CoP/Co-MOF exhibits outstanding HER performance over a wide pH range, with fast charge-transfer rate and abundant exposed active sites. This work provides an effective strategy to design pH-universal HER activity of MOF-based electrocatalysts.

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High-Efficiency Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer Enabled by Ternary Layered Double Hydroxide Anode

Jooyoung Lee et al.

Summary: By corroding a conventional Ni foam electrode in the presence of Fe3+ and V3+ cations, it can be transformed into a high-performance oxygen-evolving electrode, achieving superior OER activity with the help of the unique structure and presence of vanadium in the NiFeV LDH electrode.
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Alkaline Water Splitting Enhancement by MOF-Derived Fe-Co-Oxide/Co@NC-mNS Heterostructure: Boosting OER and HER through Defect Engineering and In Situ Oxidation

Thangjam Ibomcha Singh et al.

Summary: The development of a new type of freestanding, defect-rich mixed-metal oxide/hydroxide heterostructure was reported, showing excellent bifunctional properties with low overpotentials for both oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2).
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Energy-saving hydrogen production by chlorine-free hybrid seawater splitting coupling hydrazine degradation

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Summary: A potential solution to grid-scale production of carbon-neutral hydrogen energy without reliance on freshwater is demonstrated through chlorine-free hydrogen production by hybrid seawater splitting coupling hydrazine degradation. The electrolyzer achieves a high hydrogen production rate at low electricity expense and avoids chlorine electrochemistry in complex chemical environments. By integrating low-voltage direct hydrazine fuel cells or solar cells, self-powered hybrid seawater electrolysis is realized, enabling efficient conversion of ocean resources to hydrogen fuel while removing harmful pollutants.

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Comprehensive Structural Descriptor for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Activities of Iron Oxides

Yuuki Sugawara et al.

Summary: By investigating Fe2O3 polymorphs, it was found that the relationship between Fe-O bond length and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity is crucial. This relationship holds true for a wide range of Fe-based multimetal oxide OER catalysts, providing important guidance for the rational design of Fe-based oxides with excellent catalytic properties.

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The effect of ionomer content in catalyst layers in anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers prepared with reinforced membranes (Aemion plus ™)

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Summary: This study examines the impact of ionomer content in the membrane-electrode assembly parameters on the performance and stability of anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs). The results show that optimizing ionomer content in the anode catalyst layer at 7 wt% can avoid mass transport limitation and properly bind the catalyst. Additionally, performance remains stable over a range of 0.001-1 M KOH with slight improvement for higher KOH contents.

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