In vitro evaluation of a novel Mg-Sn-Ge ternary alloy for orthopedic applications

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent biodegradable properties and biocompatibility. Novel Mg-Sn-Ge ternary Mg alloys were developed as potential biode-gradable materials for orthopedic applications because of their alloying elements naturally present in hu-mans. The feasibility of these alloys was investigated in terms of mechanical properties, degradation, cytocompatibility, and hemocompatibility. The hardness and elastic modulus of Mg-2Sn-xGe alloys were improved significantly by increasing the Ge content. Among all the alloys, the Mg-2Sn-3Ge alloy displays outstanding biodegradable properties, as evidenced by the electrochemical tests and hydrogen evolution. The degradation products detected on the corroded alloy surfaces weaken at higher Ge levels. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay and hemolysis test showed that the Mg-2Sn-xGe alloys exhibit favorable biocompat-ibility and hemocompatibility, except for the Mg-2Sn-2Ge alloy.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Automated summary

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have excellent biodegradable properties and biocompatibility, making them attractive materials for orthopedic applications. The Mg-Sn-Ge ternary Mg alloys, with alloying elements naturally present in humans, were developed and investigated for their mechanical properties, degradation behavior, cytocompatibility, and hemocompatibility. Increasing the Ge content significantly improved the hardness and elastic modulus of Mg-2Sn-xGe alloys. The Mg-2Sn-3Ge alloy displayed outstanding biodegradability, and the degradation products weakened at higher Ge levels. The Mg-2Sn-xGe alloys exhibited favorable biocompatibility and hemocompatibility, except for the Mg-2Sn-2Ge alloy.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V.