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Deoxynivalenol: Emerging Toxic Mechanisms and Control Strategies, Current and Future Perspectives

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2023)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Microbial Enzymes Involved in the Biotransformation of Major Mycotoxins

Tosin Victor Adegoke et al.

Summary: Mycotoxins, the most researched biological toxins, can contaminate food and feed, resulting in severe health implications for humans and animals. The use of microbial enzymes in biotransformation offers a promising method to mitigate mycotoxin contamination. Specific enzymes have advantages over whole microbial cells, including higher degradation rates and substrate specificity. However, there is a need to identify and utilize more novel microbial enzymes to effectively reduce mycotoxins.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2023)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Combined effects of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol on oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, apoptosis, and inflammation in zebrafish embryos

Xue Rong et al.

Summary: The co-exposure of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol had toxic effects on zebrafish embryos, leading to decreased movement and heartbeat, developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, apoptosis, and inflammation.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Novel Insights into Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae against Meat Quality Deterioration Caused by Dietary Aflatoxin B1 Exposure in Chickens

Ke Yue et al.

Summary: This study found that Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure negatively affects chicken meat quality, while total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynaria (TFRD) can restore the changes in meat quality.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2023)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Gut Microbiota Mediates Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Alleviation of Deoxynivalenol-Induced Anorexia

Yongsong Bai et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) improves deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced anorexia by modulating gut microbiota. LGG enhances intestinal barrier function, reduces intestinal inflammation, promotes food intake, and decreases weight loss. Antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplant experiments confirm that gut microbiota is the primary vector for DON toxic effects and an essential mediator of LGG protection.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2023)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal flora disorders, dysfunction and organ damage in broilers and pigs

Bingxuan Jia et al.

Summary: In this study, we found that Deoxynivalenol (DON) inhibited animal growth and caused damage to the intestine, liver, and kidney. DON induced intestinal flora disorders in both chickens and pigs, and the changes in the flora were mainly related to metabolic and digestive functions. Comparative analysis suggested that Prevotella may play an important role in maintaining intestinal health, and DON may have different toxicity modes in different animals.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2023)

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Article Toxicology

Deoxynivalenol induces apoptosis and autophagy in human prostate epithelial cells via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Karolina Kowalska et al.

Summary: The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is one of the most deregulated pathways in prostate cancer, and DON can affect apoptosis and autophagy in normal prostate epithelial cells by modulating this pathway. High concentrations of DON induce apoptosis, while low concentrations induce autophagy.

ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Deoxynivalenol aggravates the immunosuppression in piglets and PAMs under the condition of PEDV infection through inhibiting TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway

Dandan Liu et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of DON on PEDV-induced immunosuppression and its underlying mechanism, revealing that DON exacerbates host immunosuppression under PEDV infection by inhibiting the TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2022)

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Article Plant Sciences

lncRsp1, a long noncoding RNA, influences Fgsp1 expression and sexual reproduction in Fusarium graminearum

Jie Wang et al.

Summary: This study uncovers the distinct and specific functions of lncRsp1 and Fgsp1 in Fusarium graminearum, showing that lncRsp1 can regulate ascospore discharge by affecting the expression of Fgsp1, with lncRsp1 and Fgsp1 negatively regulating deoxynivalenol biosynthesis genes.

MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Close association between the synergistic toxicity of zearalenone-deoxynivalenol combination and microRNA221-mediated PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling in HepG2 cells

Xue Rong et al.

Summary: This study reveals the synergistic toxicity of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol at low concentrations, leading to increased apoptosis and inflammatory response. Furthermore, miR-221 plays a critical role in counteracting the combined toxicity through regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Review Food Science & Technology

Mechanisms of deoxynivalenol (DON) degradation during different treatments: a review

Ehsan Feizollahi et al.

Summary: There are various methods for degrading deoxynivalenol (DON), each with different degradation efficacy and byproducts. Studying the effects of these degradation methods on DON, understanding the formation mechanisms and toxicity of the byproducts, can help in selecting the best method to overcome DON contamination in grains.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION (2022)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Resveratrol Improves Intestinal Morphology and Anti-Oxidation Ability in Deoxynivalenol-Challenged Piglets

Qihua Hong et al.

Summary: This study investigated the potential effects of resveratrol (RES) on intestinal function and oxidative stress in deoxynivalenol (DON)-challenged piglets. The results showed that resveratrol effectively relieved DON-induced oxidative stress in weaned piglets, improved intestinal barrier function, enhanced mitochondrial function, and improved the growth performance of piglets. The supplementation of resveratrol increased the average daily feed intake of piglets, increased the villus height and the ratio of the jejunal villus height to crypt depth, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increased the total antioxidant capacity in the jejunum mucosa. In addition, resveratrol reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential in the jejunum.

ANIMALS (2022)

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Article Veterinary Sciences

Resveratrol Ameliorates Intestinal Damage Challenged With Deoxynivalenol Through Mitophagy in vitro and in vivo

Yujian Huang et al.

Summary: The study suggests that resveratrol (RES) may ameliorate intestinal damage in weaning piglets challenged with deoxynivalenol (DON) through promoting mitophagy.

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Applied

Distribution, toxicity, interactive effects, and detection of ochratoxin and deoxynivalenol in food: A review

Abirami Ramu Ganesan et al.

Summary: Mycotoxins, such as OTA and DON, are widely distributed in food materials and have harmful effects on human health. Improper handling and practices during the production and processing of food can lead to the formation of these mycotoxins. Understanding their distribution, toxicity, and interaction with other contaminants is crucial for ensuring food safety and good agricultural practices.

FOOD CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Rapid, Sensitive On-Site Detection of Deoxynivalenol in Cereals Using Portable and Reusable Evanescent Wave Optofluidic Immunosensor

Yanping Liu et al.

Summary: This paper presents an improved portable and reusable evanescent wave optofluidic immunosensor (OIP-v2) for rapid and sensitive on-site determination of deoxynivalenol (DON), a frequently detected mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species. The OIP-v2 showed a high limit of detection and linear dynamic detection range under optimal conditions. It also demonstrated good correlation with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) when detecting maize-positive samples.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Impact of a Natural Fusarial Multi-Mycotoxin Challenge on Broiler Chickens and Mitigation Properties Provided by a Yeast Cell Wall Extract and a Postbiotic Yeast Cell Wall-Based Blend

Manoj B. Kudupoje et al.

Summary: The yeast cell wall extract (YCWE) and post-biotic yeast cell wall-based blend (PYCW) were found to alleviate the negative effects of multiple toxins on commercial broilers.

TOXINS (2022)

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Review Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

MicroRNA regulates the toxicological mechanism of four mycotoxins in vivo and in vitro

Jia Chen et al.

Summary: This review focuses on the toxicological mechanisms of four major mycotoxins and the role of microRNAs in these mechanisms. By studying the regulation of miRNAs, harmful effects of mycotoxins can be prevented and controlled, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Inverse Molecular Docking Elucidating the Anticarcinogenic Potential of the Hop Natural Product Xanthohumol and Its Metabolites

Katarina Kores et al.

Summary: Xanthohumol and its metabolites have potential anticarcinogenic properties, with several human protein targets identified and experimentally connected to anticarcinogenic function. Xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol, and 6-prenylnaringenin show promising protein targets for anticancer drug development.

FOODS (2022)

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Review Toxicology

Toxicokinetics and metabolism of deoxynivalenol in animals and humans

Yu Sun et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the toxicokinetics and metabolism of deoxynivalenol (DON) in animals and humans. Different animals show varying levels of sensitivity to DON, with pigs and humans being the most sensitive. The toxicokinetics of DON differ among species, with pigs and humans having similar absorption rates, bioavailability, and clearance time. Mice and rats have similar toxicokinetics, while poultry is the least sensitive due to their fast absorption rate and detoxification capabilities. Studies on toxicokinetics provide valuable information for risk assessment and control of DON contamination.

ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Genome-wide transcriptional profiling and functional analysis reveal miR-330-MAPK15 axis involving in cellular responses to deoxynivalenol exposure

Haifei Wang et al.

Summary: The study characterized the transcriptional profiling of porcine intestinal epithelial cells upon DON exposure, revealing that miR-330 is a key noncoding RNA with significantly increased expression upon DON exposure. High expression of miR-330 inhibits reactive oxygen species production, cell apoptosis, and autophagic flux in cells upon DON exposure.

CHEMOSPHERE (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Animal performance and biochemical parameters are sex-dependent in peripubertal rats exposed to deoxynivalenol

J. R. Gerez et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate if sex differences are evident in DON's systemic effects in peripubertal rats. The results showed that greater anorectic responses were seen in males, while only females showed increased levels of creatinine and triglycerides. Regardless of sex, DON induces an increased number of white blood cells, particularly lymphocytes, and a significant reduction in the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and neutrophils. In males and females fed a DON-contaminated diet, histological lesions were observed in the intestine, liver, and kidney. Ingestion of DON induced a significant increase in the antioxidant potential in the intestine, liver, and kidney, but this effect was not able to prevent oxidative stress in the renal tissue. Taken together, the results of this study showed a sex-related response in food intake, weight gain, and biochemical parameters in rats exposed to DON during the juvenile and peripubertal periods, and oxidative stress is an important mechanism in the nephrotoxicity of DON.

TOXICON (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Plant-Derived Polyphenols as Nrf2 Activators to Counteract Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Toxicity Induced by Deoxynivalenol in Swine: An Emerging Research Direction

Jun Chen et al.

Summary: The contamination of deoxynivalenol (DON) in feed is a global problem, especially for pig, the most sensitive species to DON. The intestine serves as the first target of DON and plant polyphenols have been studied as potential detoxifying agents. This review updates the progress and mechanism of action of polyphenols in protecting against DON-induced enterotoxicity in pigs, highlighting their potential as feed additives.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody against Deoxynivalenol and Development of Immunoassays

Hoyda Elsir Mokhtar et al.

Summary: Fusarium toxins are a major group of mycotoxins with high toxicity and widespread contamination in agricultural commodities. This study successfully developed three immunoassay methods for DON detection, which can be applied for agricultural products.

TOXINS (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of Non-Coding RNA Alteration in Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Exposed to Aflatoxin B1

Huhe Chao et al.

Summary: The exposure to AFB1 impairs the proliferation of 3D4/2 cells and induces apoptosis through the non-coding RNA-mediated pathway.

TOXINS (2022)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates DON-induced intestinal damage depending on the enrichment of beneficial bacteria in weaned piglets

Yongsong Bai et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can ameliorate intestinal damage caused by deoxynivalenol (DON) exposure by improving intestinal barrier function and suppressing intestinal inflammation through the TLR4/NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Furthermore, LGG supplementation can modulate the composition of intestinal microbiota by increasing the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria and reducing the relative abundances of harmful bacteria. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of LGG in alleviating the adverse effects induced by DON exposure.

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Analysis of the roles of the Notch1 signalling pathway in modulating deoxynivalenol cytotoxicity

Yeyi Xiao et al.

Summary: This study investigates the role of the Notch1 signaling pathway in protecting against DON exposure. Inhibiting Notch1 signaling increases oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, reduces autophagy, and exacerbates cell inflammation after DON exposure. The findings provide a basis for further research on the mechanism of DON.

ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2022)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Crucial Function of Caveolin-1 in Deoxynivalenol-Induced Enterotoxicity by Activating ROS-Dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis

Jie Qu et al.

Summary: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a contaminating mycotoxin that causes intestinal damage. The study found that DON exposure leads to oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, pyroptosis, and inflammation. The protein Cav-1 plays a pivotal role in DON-induced pyroptosis by regulating oxidative stress. These findings provide a novel strategy to counteract DON-induced enterotoxicity.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Recombinant Porcine R-Spondin 1 Facilitates Intestinal Stem Cell Expansion along the Crypt-Villus Axis through Potentiating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Homeostasis and Deoxynivalenol Injury

Jia-yi Zhou et al.

Summary: This study cloned the porcine RSPO1 gene and obtained rpRSPO1 protein, and demonstrated the stimulatory effect of rpRSPO1 on jejunal epithelial cell proliferation using in vitro and in vivo models. It also showed that rpRSPO1 could ameliorate growth retardation and maintain epithelial integrity in mice, and increase ISC activity by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Effect of Resveratrol Supplementation on Intestinal Oxidative Stress, Immunity and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets Challenged with Deoxynivalenol

Yueqin Qiu et al.

Summary: The study showed that RES supplementation in DON-challenged piglets efficiently attenuated intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress and improved gut microbiota, thereby alleviating DON-induced intestinal barrier injury.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Deoxynivalenol Induces Apoptosis via FOXO3a-Signaling Pathway in Small-Intestinal Cells in Pig

Tae Hong Kang et al.

Summary: Research has found that DON can induce apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells through the FOXO3a-signaling pathway, leading to the translocation of FOXO3a into the nucleus. Inhibiting FOXO3a can alleviate apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related genes. Additionally, treatment with an ERK1/2 inhibitor can suppress the translocation of FOXO3a into the nucleus.

TOXICS (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Ruscogenin Protects against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Hepatic Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis through the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway: An In vitro Study

Hany Elsawy et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that RGN suppresses hepatic cell injury induced by oxidative stress through Nrf2 via activation of the pI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates deoxynivalenol-induced kidney oxidative damage and mitochondrial injury in weaned piglets

Kaidi Ma et al.

Summary: The study aimed to investigate the protective ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) against deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced kidney injury in piglets. The results showed that LGG supplementation alleviated the damage of DON to the kidney antioxidant system and improved mitochondrial abnormalities and dysfunction.

FOOD & FUNCTION (2022)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Effect of commercially purified deoxynivalenol and zearalenone mycotoxins on microbial diversity of pig cecum contents

Kondreddy Eswar Reddy et al.

Summary: The mycotoxins DON and ZEN contaminated in pig feed impacted the cecum microbiota, with Lactobacillus and Bacteroides playing key roles in detoxification and enhancing host physiology. These results suggest that disturbances in intestinal microflora, like those caused by toxic effects of DON and ZEN, could potentially be treated by modulating the bacterial flora.

ANIMAL BIOSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Fisheries

Deoxynivalenol induces carp neutrophil apoptosis and necroptosis via CYP450s/ROS/PI3K/AKT pathway*

Chang Ding et al.

Summary: Exposure to DON can cause neutrophil death by activating CYP450s/ROS signal, inhibiting the RI3K/AKT pathway, inducing apoptosis and necroptosis, in a dose-dependent manner. These findings offer new insights into the toxicological effects of mycotoxins.

AQUACULTURE (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Curcumin protects against Aflatoxin B1-induced liver injury in broilers via the modulation of long non-coding RNA expression

Sihong Li et al.

Summary: Experimental research shows that curcumin can prevent AFB1-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis through LncRNAs, alleviating liver damage.

ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2021)

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Article Toxicology

LncRNA MIAT regulated by selenium and T-2 toxin increases NF-κB-p65 activation, promoting the progress of Kashin-Beck Disease

Min Shi et al.

Summary: This study revealed that lncRNA MIAT, regulated by selenium and T-2 toxin, increased the activation of NF-kappa B-p65, thus being involved in the progress of KBD.

HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Berberine improves intestinal barrier function and reduces inflammation, immunosuppression, and oxidative stress by regulating the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway in deoxynivalenol-challenged piglets

Min Tang et al.

Summary: BBR has a positive effect on the intestinal health of piglets challenged with DON, improving growth performance, intestinal injury, and regulating the immune system and oxidative stress. It does so by increasing expression of antioxidant enzymes, T cell surface antigens, and tight junction proteins while reducing proinflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways associated with intestinal injury.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Deoxynivalenol exposure induces liver damage in mice: Inflammation and immune responses, oxidative stress, and protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

Yongsong Bai et al.

Summary: The study showed that Deoxynivalenol (DON) has detrimental effects on the liver, while Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can protect the liver from DON-induced injury.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Deoxynivalenol: Mechanisms of action and its effects on various terrestrial and aquatic species

Jamie M. Hooft et al.

Summary: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species of fungi that is commonly found in cereal grains worldwide. Exposure to DON can lead to a range of immune responses and cellular effects depending on the dose and duration. Research indicates that different animal species have varying sensitivities to DON.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Comparative Microbial Conversion of Deoxynivalenol and Acetylated Deoxynivalenol in Different Parts of the Chicken Intestine as Detected In Vitro and Translated to the In Vivo Situation

Jing Jin et al.

Summary: In vitro experiments showed significant differences in the microbial metabolism of DON and its acetylated forms in different intestinal segments, with varying transformation rates observed for each toxin in different regions of the chicken intestine.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

The Potential of Peroxidases Extracted from the Spent Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) Substrate Significantly Degrade Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol

Ko-Hua Tso et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that peroxidases extracted from spent mushroom substrate, especially LiP, can effectively degrade DON and inhibit the mycelium growth of F. graminearum KR1.

TOXINS (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

MAPK/AP-1 and ROS participated in ratio- and time-dependent interaction effects of deoxynivalenol and cadmium on HT-29 cells

Hongyan Guo et al.

Summary: The study found that long-term or low-dose exposure mainly resulted in antagonism between CdCl2 and DON, while short-term or high-dose treatment mainly resulted in synergism. The trends of MAPK/AP-1 and oxidative stress changes were consistent with the cytotoxicity trend, and the activation of AP-1 was confirmed through transfection assay.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging for deoxynivalenol and ergosterol estimation in wheat samples

Antoni Femenias et al.

Summary: The present study successfully evaluated the presence of DON and ergosterol in wheat samples using HSI-NIR spectroscopy and established prediction and classification models. The results indicate that this method can effectively quantify ergosterol and classify DON in samples according to the EU legal limit.

FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Food Science & Technology

The fate of mycotoxins during the primary food processing of maize

Sara Schaarschmidt et al.

Summary: This article comprehensively reviews the impact of cleaning, dry-milling, and wet-milling operations on mycotoxin concentrations in maize products, with observed changes related to regulatory requirements in the EU. The effect of processing generally depends on several factors, with cleaning particularly significant in determining reduction levels for mycotoxins.

FOOD CONTROL (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the AhR, Smad2/3, and HIF-1α Pathways as the Mechanism of Ochratoxin A Toxicity in Kidney Cells

Min Cheol Pyo et al.

Summary: The study revealed that OTA induces kidney toxicity through the AhR-Smad2/3-HIF-1α signaling pathways, leading to the induction of EMT, apoptosis, and kidney injury.

TOXINS (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Fumonisins on Broiler Gut Cytoprotective Capacity

Vasileios Paraskeuas et al.

Summary: This study assessed the impact of two mycotoxins, DON and FUM, on a range of molecular intestinal biomarkers in broilers at the maximum allowable EU dietary levels. The results showed that these toxins had specific effects on different intestinal segments, affecting detoxification, antioxidant response, stress, inflammation, and integrity. The findings suggest that broiler molecular responses to DON and FUM are toxin and intestinal site specific.

TOXINS (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Deoxynivalenol downregulates NRF2-induced cytoprotective response in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells

Siqiniseko Ndlovu et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that deoxynivalenol induces oxidative stress and inhibits the cellular antioxidant response, leading to an increase in cytotoxicity.

TOXICON (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Chronic exposure of zearalenone inhibits antioxidant defense and results in aging-related defects associated with DAF-16/FOXO in Caenorhabditis elegans

Chi-Wei Huang et al.

Summary: The study found that ZEN significantly decreased locomotive behaviors in C. elegans. Lifespan and aging markers were also adversely affected by ZEN, which increased ROS levels and downregulated antioxidant genes. Long-term exposure to ZEN induced aging-related decline in C. elegans, associated with oxidative stress and inhibition of antioxidant defense.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (2021)

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Review Food Science & Technology

Mechanism of deoxynivalenol mediated gastrointestinal toxicity: Insights from mitochondrial dysfunction

Shuai Wang et al.

Summary: Mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, involving functions in cellular energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, apoptosis, intestinal immune responses, and bidirectional cross-talk with gut microbe. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical factor in DON-induced intestinal toxicity, characterized by respiratory failure and ROS overproduction, leading to apoptosis initiation and inflammatory response. The disruption of bidirectional cross-talk between gut microbe and host mitochondria may contribute to DON-induced intestinal toxicity.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Hypothesis: Long non-coding RNA is a potential target of mycotoxins

Li You et al.

Summary: The research suggests that mycotoxins can induce changes in lncRNA expression, influencing processes like cell apoptosis and tumor cell growth significantly. In addition to impacting cell survival and death, lncRNA interactions with NF-kappa B can also regulate immune evasion.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Enzymatic Degradation of Multiple Major Mycotoxins by Dye-Decolorizing Peroxidase from Bacillus subtilis

Xing Qin et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that BsDyP is a promising candidate for the simultaneous degradation of multiple mycotoxins in animal feed and food, with lower toxicities of its degradation products.

TOXINS (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Chemoprotective Effects of Xanthohumol against the Carcinogenic Mycotoxin Aflatoxin B1

Alja Stern et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that xanthohumol and its derivatives can act as scavengers of aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide (AFBO), reducing DNA adduct formation and cellular damage. In vitro experiments further confirmed the chemoprotective effects of xanthohumol.

FOODS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

An in vitro attempt at precision toxicology reveals the involvement of DNA methylation alteration in ochratoxin A-induced G0/G1 phase arrest

Boyang Zhang et al.

EPIGENETICS (2020)

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Article Food Science & Technology

From hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) to oxidative stress: A new understanding of the toxic mechanism of mycotoxins

Qinghua Wu et al.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Porcine milk exosome miRNAs protect intestinal epithelial cells against deoxynivalenol-induced damage

Mei-Ying Xie et al.

BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Review Food Science & Technology

Deoxynivalenol: Masked forms, fate during food processing, and potential biological remedies

Hongyan Guo et al.

COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY (2020)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Zinc L-Aspartate enhances intestinal stem cell activity to protect the integrity of the intestinal mucosa against deoxynivalenol through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Jia-yi Zhou et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (2020)

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Review Food Science & Technology

Use of hyperspectral imaging as a tool for Fusarium and deoxynivalenol risk management in cereals: A review

Antoni Femenias et al.

FOOD CONTROL (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Inhibiting the aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by selenium supplementation ameliorates deoxynivalenol-induced toxicity and catabolism in chondrocytes

Xiaoqing Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

The influence of harvesting time and meteorological conditions on the occurrence of Fusarium species and mycotoxin contamination of spring cereals

Yuliia Kochiieru et al.

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE (2020)

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