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Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Wei Chen et al.
Summary: Recently, a new type of magnetoactive soft materials, called hard-magnetic soft (HMS) materials, was manufactured by embedding hard-magnetic microparticles into a soft matrix. The mechanical responses of HMS structures, especially the static deformations of initially straight HMS beams, have received significant attention due to their potential applications in soft robotics, flexible electronics, and biomedicine. However, it is also important to investigate the dynamical behaviors of HMS beams to fulfill their potential applications. In this study, a large-deformation dynamical model of curved HMS beams actuated by a harmonically rotational magnetic field was developed and solved analytically and numerically. It was found that the curved HMS beam tends to align with the applied constant magnetic field and exhibits periodic vibrations when subjected to a periodically rotational magnetic field. Moreover, when the rotational frequency of the magnetic field is close to the natural frequency of the beam, the system resonates and the vibration amplitude of the curved beam becomes extremely large.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Huichen Ma et al.
Summary: This article presents the structure design, fabrication method, and material property test of soft bellows-type pneumatic actuators (SBPAs). An analytical model and design approach for SBPAs are established based on plate bending theory, considering geometric complexity and material nonlinearity. The verification results show good agreement between predicted analytical results, physical experimental measurement, and simulation results. The impacts of geometric dimensions and material characteristics on the bending deformation of SBPAs are explored. This work provides a detailed investigation of SBPA's performance, which can be a basic module for various types of soft robots in the future.
ACTA MECHANICA SOLIDA SINICA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Daniel Garcia-Gonzalez et al.
Summary: This study proposes a new concept of self-healing soft material that can heal after rupture without external actuation. By filling a sticky and soft elastomeric matrix with hard-magnetic particles, the material can close cracks when the ruptured parts are approached to each other. Experimental results show that the proposed soft materials can sustain mechanical loading beyond 20% strains after several fracture cycles without compromising the structural integrity.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xin Li et al.
Summary: Tendon-driven continuum robots achieve continuous deformations through tendon contractions. The constant curvature assumption is accurate for some cases but inaccurate for soft robots or robot-environment interactions. To model the complex deformations of continuum robots, we developed a finite element model based on the geometrically exact beam theory and demonstrated its accuracy, efficiency, and applicability through numerical examples.
ACTA MECHANICA SOLIDA SINICA
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yoonho Kim et al.
Summary: This review discusses recent progress in the design and fabrication, modeling and simulation, and actuation and control of magnetic soft materials and robots. Design guidelines for optimal actuation performance are provided, as well as potential biomedical applications and perspectives on next-generation magnetic soft robots.
Article
Mechanics
Dipayan Mukherjee et al.
Summary: This work presents a unified modeling framework for both hard and soft magnetorheological elastomers (MREs), including the response of soft MREs as a limiting case. The proposed framework provides efficient numerical solutions for boundary value problems involving both hard and soft MREs. The calculations for the deflection of a pre-magnetized cantilever show excellent agreement with experimental data. The analysis also demonstrates the effects of pre-magnetization profiling and particle concentration on the actuation performance and residual magnetic field of the MRE structures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Wenkai Yu et al.
Summary: The minimally designed soft crawling robot (SCR) presented in this article is capable of robust locomotion in unstructured pipes with various geometric/material properties and surface topology. The robot can squeeze through narrow pipes smaller than its cross section and is able to propel robustly in spiked pipes. The locomotion mechanism of the robot is experimentally investigated and analyzed, revealing that the resultant forward frictional force is generated due to the asymmetric mechanical properties along the length direction of the robot.
BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Farzam Dadgar-Rad et al.
Summary: This study models the deformation of Hard-magnetic soft materials (HMSMs) under external magnetic stimuli using the micropolar continuum theory. The developed formulation successfully predicts the deformation of HMSMs under various loading and boundary conditions, as demonstrated through numerical simulations and examples.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tomohiko G. Sano et al.
Summary: This paper presents an effective theory for MRE rods under geometrically nonlinear deformation in three dimensions and validates the theory through precision experiments. However, the experiments show that long-range dipole-dipole interactions, neglected in the theory, may play a role in the material's behavior.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2022)
Article
Robotics
Jiao Ye et al.
Summary: This study proposes a soft robotic jellyfish that mimics the soft rowing propulsion of oblate jellyfish using a liquid metal coil and magnetic field. Through experiments and simulations, the mechanism and factors influencing the movement behaviors of the robotic jellyfish are systematically interpreted, and the potential applications in underwater monitoring and bio-friendliness are demonstrated.
Article
Robotics
You Yu et al.
Summary: Ultrasensitive multimodal physicochemical sensing for autonomous robotic decision-making is demonstrated using an all-printed, mass-producible soft electronic skin-based human-machine interface. The system incorporates custom-developed nanomaterial inks to manufacture flexible physicochemical sensor arrays for electrophysiology recording, tactile perception, and robotic sensing of hazardous materials. The artificial intelligence-powered system enables remote robotic control and in situ threat compound detection in extreme environments, with user-interactive feedback. The technology has potential applications in various fields, including agriculture, security, and public health.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yahe Wu et al.
Summary: This study explores the potential of magnetothermal responsiveness and covalent adaptable networks in liquid crystalline elastomers to realize versatile morphing modes and local magnetic control. Various magneto-actuated contraction-derived motions can be achieved, reprogrammed, and seamlessly assembled. The systems also exhibit favorable performances including stepwise magnetic controllability, multiresponsiveness, self-healing, and remolding ability.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Farzam Dadgar-Rad et al.
Summary: This work aims to develop a viscoelastic formulation for the time-dependent finite deformation analysis of beams made of HMSMs under magnetic loading. The formulation is developed based on basic kinematic quantities and can be used for various geometries. The consistent fourth-order tangent tensors are presented for 3D bodies and beams made of HMSMs. A finite element formulation is developed for the numerical solution of beam problems. Several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the applicability of the formulation.
EXTREME MECHANICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Aakila Rajan et al.
Summary: This study focuses on the large bending deformation of hard magnetic soft hyperelastic beams under an applied magnetic field, calculating the principal stress in the cross-sections and using a Prony series approximation to capture the time dependent response of material properties. The model was verified by comparison to previous experimental, numerical and analytical results.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS A-SOLIDS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hyunwoo Joo et al.
Summary: This study presents a novel treatment system for neurological emergencies using a soft implantable drug delivery device. The efficacy of the prompt treatment was demonstrated in animal experiments, showing reduced brain damages and increased survival rates. By integrating the SID wirelessly with wearable devices, bulky rigid components can be minimized, achieving mechanical softness and miniaturization.
Article
Mechanics
Wei Chen et al.
Summary: By embedding hard-magnetic particles in soft materials, hard-magnetic soft (HMS) materials have been fabricated and applied in various fields like soft robotics, wearable devices, and biomedical implants. This study developed a novel three-dimensional large deformation model for HMS beams actuated by magnetic fields, achieving accurate predictions and showcasing the alignment of hard-magnetic particles in the HMS beams with the applied magnetic field.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Amir Mehdi Dehrouyeh-Semnani
Summary: Hard magnetic materials are a novel class of soft active materials capable of quick, large, and complex deformation under external actuation, with potential applications in soft robots, biomedical devices, wearable devices, and stretchable electronic devices. Current research focuses on the nonlinear mechanics of hard magnetic soft cantilevers, particularly in terms of bifurcation behavior, parameter identification, new trajectories, corresponding workspace, and comparative analysis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dipayan Mukherjee et al.
Summary: This study provides a modeling framework to describe the behavior of hard magnetorheological elastomers, showing good agreement between the model and numerical homogenization estimates, especially for stiff to moderately-soft matrix materials. The model considers a rotation-dependent remanent magnetic field as an internal variable and does not require an additional mechanical internal variable. Predictions from the model match well with experimental data.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2021)
Review
Automation & Control Systems
Hyun-Joong Chung et al.
Summary: Magnetic soft actuators and robots have unique advantages in controlling soft robotics inside of an enclosed space. They utilize innovations in soft material technologies, including 3D printing and origami/kirigami, laying a technological foundation for enhanced performance.
ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yi Chen et al.
Summary: This study developed a novel multiple-stimulus responsive shape memory polymer with fast light- and magnetic-responsive ability, shape reconfiguration, reversible shape transformation, and excellent self-healing performance. The material has great potential for various fields such as biomedical devices, artificial muscles, smart actuators, and aerospace applications.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2021)
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Xuemin Du et al.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2020)
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Metin Sitti et al.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
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Wei Chen et al.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jili Rong et al.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Liu Wang et al.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Wei Chen et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wei Chen et al.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ruike Zhao et al.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xunuo Cao et al.
ACTA MECHANICA SOLIDA SINICA
(2019)
Article
Robotics
Tianqi Xu et al.
Article
Robotics
Yoonho Kim et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dong Jin Kang et al.
Article
Polymer Science
Minori Furusawa et al.
JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoonho Kim et al.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lindsey Hines et al.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2017)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Guo Zhan Lum et al.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2016)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
I. Sokolov et al.
COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS
(2015)
Article
Physics, Applied
Eric Diller et al.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2014)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
G. V. Stepanov et al.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2012)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
WS Wang et al.
JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING
(2004)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
S Klinkel et al.
COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS
(2003)
