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Can Nitric Oxide-Based Therapy Be Improved for the Treatment of Cancers? A Perspective

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MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713611

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nitric oxide; cancer; drug delivery; liposomes

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Since the discovery of the cytotoxicity of high concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) to cancer cells, as well as its potential role in cancer treatment, numerous NO-donors have been developed to deliver NO to tumors. NO also enhances the effectiveness of anticancer drugs and reverses multi-drug resistance in tumor cells. This study explores various strategies for delivering NO to tumors using NO-donors, aiming to achieve targeted and efficient treatment with minimal toxicity.
Since the early observations that nitric oxide (& BULL;NO) at high concentrations is cytotoxic to cancer cells and that it may play an important role in the treatment of human cancers, a significant number of compounds (NO-donors) have been prepared to deliver & BULL;NO to tumors. & BULL;NO also sensitizes various clinically active anticancer drugs and has been shown to induce the reversal of multi-drug resistance in tumor cells expressing ATP-binding cassette-transporter proteins. For the successful treatment of cancers, & BULL;NO needs to be delivered precisely to tumors, and its adverse toxicity must be limited. Like other chemotherapeutics, the precise delivery of drugs has been a problem and various attempts have been made, such as the encapsulation of drugs in lipid polymers, to overcome this. This prospective study examines the use of various strategies for delivering & BULL;NO (using NO-donors) for the treatment of cancers. Finding and utilizing such a delivery system is an important step in delivering cytotoxic concentrations of & BULL;NO to tumors without adverse reactions, leading to a successful clinical outcome for patient management.

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