The Effects of Bisphenol A on Human Male Infertility: A Review of Current Epidemiological Studies

Endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) can have a harmful effect on the human body's endocrine system and thus adversely affect the development, reproduction, neurological, cardiovascular, and immune systems and metabolism in humans and wildlife. According to the World Health Organization, EDCs are mostly man-made and found ubiquitously in our daily lives, notably in pesticides, metals, and additives or contaminants in food and personal care products. Human exposure occurs through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a proven EDC capable of mimicking or blocking receptors and altering hormone concentrations and metabolism. Although consumed in low doses, it can stimulate cellular responses and affect the body's functions. In humans, exposure to BPA has been correlated with the onset or development of several diseases. This literature review aimed to verify the effects of BPA on human male infertility using the most recently published literature. Thus, this review allowed us to conclude that this compound seems to have harmful effects on human male fertility, causing changes in hormonal and semen characteristics. However, these conclusions lack more robust and reproducible scientific studies. Even so, and since male infertility prevalence is increasing, preventive measures must be taken to ensure male fertility.

Automated summary

Endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) can harm the endocrine system and negatively impact development, reproduction, neurological functions, cardiovascular health, immune system, and metabolism in both humans and wildlife. Bisphenol A (BPA), a proven EDC, can mimic or block receptors and alter hormone levels and metabolism, even at low doses. Exposure to BPA in humans has been linked to the development of various diseases. This literature review highlights the harmful effects of BPA on human male fertility, including hormonal and semen changes, but more extensive and reproducible scientific studies are needed to strengthen these conclusions.