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Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
William Msemburi et al.
Summary: The World Health Organization has been tracking the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic since the beginning of 2020. Reported statistics on COVID-19 mortality vary across countries due to testing access, diagnostic capacity, and inconsistent cause of death certification. This study provides a comprehensive measurement of the pandemic's impact by estimating excess deaths globally, which are 2.74 times more than reported COVID-19 deaths. There are significant variations in excess death estimates across different regions, highlighting the need for better reporting.
Review
Microbiology
Hannah E. Davis et al.
Summary: Long COVID is a common and debilitating illness that affects at least 10% of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, with a wide range of symptoms and impacts on multiple organ systems. There are an estimated 65 million individuals worldwide with long COVID, and the number of cases is increasing daily. Current diagnostic and treatment options are insufficient, and there is a need for clinical trials to address leading hypotheses. Future research should account for biases and testing issues, build on viral-onset research, include marginalized populations, and meaningfully engage patients.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Paola Capra et al.
Summary: Over the past three years, the global spread of COVID-19 has presented humanity with one of the most serious health emergencies. Identifying reliable biomarkers for COVID-19 mortality is a key objective, and pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a protein associated with innate immunity, appears to be linked to worse outcomes in the disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the prognostic potential of PTX3 in COVID-19 and found increased levels of PTX3 in severe cases, particularly among ICU patients, suggesting it could be a reliable marker for poor outcomes and stratification of hospitalized patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Alessio Ardizzone et al.
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are characterized by abdominal pain, discomfort, and diarrhea. The immune system plays a crucial role in the development of IBD, with an inappropriate immune response leading to gut inflammation in UC patients. This study investigated the immunomodulatory and pain-relieving effects of Ulva pertusa, a marine green alga, in a murine model of colitis. Results showed that Ulva pertusa administration relieved abdominal pain and modulated innate and adaptive immune-inflammatory responses, specifically through the modulation of TLR4 and NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings suggest that Ulva pertusa could be a promising approach to alleviate immune dysregulation and abdominal discomfort in IBD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessio Ardizzone et al.
Summary: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease that mainly affects children. This study evaluated the effects of a cream formulation containing tempol in a murine model of AD. The results demonstrated that tempol reduced histological damage, mast cell infiltration, and improved skin barrier function by restoring tight junctions and filaggrin. Furthermore, tempol modulated inflammation and oxidative stress through the NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathways.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Russell N. Low et al.
Summary: This article discusses the pathophysiology of long-term COVID-19 patients, including the inflammatory cytokine cascades and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways that regulate cytokine production. The article proposes that SARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger dysregulated immune system activation and subsequent cytokine release, leading to neuroinflammation and a variety of symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Cecilie Bo Hansen et al.
Summary: PTX3 may be a valuable prognostic biomarker for COVID-19 patients.
JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Chansavath Phetsouphanh et al.
Summary: Phetsouphanh and colleagues found that individuals with long COVID exhibit persistent activation of the immune system even 8 months after infection. They also identified a set of analytes associated with long COVID, suggesting potential opportunities for prevention and treatment.
Article
Immunology
Matteo Stravalaci et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates that selected human humoral fluid-phase pattern recognition molecules can interact with SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19, including PTX3 and MBL, exerting antiviral activity and being associated with disease severity. These findings have important implications for resistance and pathogenesis of COVID-19.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
D. Castanares-Zapatero et al.
Summary: After almost 2 years of fighting against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the number of patients experiencing persistent symptoms long after acute infection is concerning. This condition, known as long COVID or Post COVID-19 condition, has an unclear underlying pathophysiology. A comprehensive review was conducted to explore potential mechanisms for the persisting symptoms, such as organ damage, autonomic nervous system damage, immune dysregulation, auto-immunity, endothelial dysfunction, occult viral persistence, and coagulation activation.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Virology
Suprabhat Mukherjee
Summary: Toll-like receptor 4 is a key regulator of immunity and COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. Targeting Toll-like receptor 4 appears to be an effective strategy to combat the pandemic.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Giovanna Pela et al.
Summary: Studies have shown that there are sex differences in COVID-19, with women being less prone to severe disease. However, few studies have examined sex differences in Long-COVID-19 syndrome. This study found that women had more symptoms both in the acute phase and during follow-up. Sex was found to be an important determinant of Long-COVID-19 syndrome, with women more likely to experience persistent symptoms. These findings highlight the need for long-term follow-up and personalized treatment strategies from a sex perspective.
JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Rahul Chaturvedi et al.
Summary: Males have an increased risk of infection and worse outcomes compared to females in COVID-19. Genetic predispositions, sex hormones, immune system responses, and non-biological causes contribute to the disparity in COVID-19 responses between the sexes. Further research is needed to explore the impact of sex on COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessio Ardizzone et al.
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive literature review on the clinical challenges for neurofibromatosis clinical care and research during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that the pandemic has severely impacted healthcare systems, particularly in terms of clinical monitoring and treatment for neurofibromatosis patients. Therefore, there is a need to develop clinical care and research strategies to address the new challenges posed by COVID-19.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alessio Ardizzone et al.
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases are gastrointestinal disorders associated with microbial and environmental factors. Natural compounds like Ulva pertusa can be used as a valid approach for the management of these diseases. This study found that Ulva pertusa can reduce tissue damage and inflammatory response by modulating the NF-kappa B/SIRT1/Nrf2 axis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Giuseppe Lapadula et al.
Summary: The study assessed the prognostic value of PTX3 in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The results showed that high levels of PTX3 were associated with a worse outcome, and the evaluation of this marker could be useful in prognostic stratification and identification of patients who could benefit from immunomodulant therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yu Wu et al.
Summary: The study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 has continuously evolved and mutated during the COVID-19 pandemic, giving rise to variants with different transmission capabilities and virulence. Identifying the incubation period of different variants is crucial in determining the isolation period.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joanna Sulicka-Grodzicka et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the sequence of inflammatory responses in COVID-19 survivors and found that chemerin concentrations decreased one week after infection onset but increased on the 28-day follow up in patients with moderate/severe disease. In contrast, pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines did not show similar changes. This suggests enhanced vascularization as a consequence of acute SARS-CoV2 infection.
Article
Cell Biology
Christoph Schultheiss et al.
Summary: Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is a global problem with unknown molecular drivers. A study found that 67.8% of participants, mostly with mild infections, reported PASC, with symptoms including fatigue, dyspnea, and concentration deficit. These symptoms persisted in 60% of participants over an average 8-month follow-up period. PASC was associated with elevated plasma levels of IL-18, IL-6, and TNF.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Virology
Biying Hu et al.
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, posing a serious threat to public health. Close contact and respiratory droplets are the main modes of transmission. The cytokine storm is closely associated with disease severity and mortality, emphasizing the importance of studying and treating the cytokine storm in COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simone Cristina Soares Brandao et al.
Summary: The severe form of COVID-19 is characterized by an abnormal and exacerbated immune response, especially in patients with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. The virus spike protein interacts strongly with TLR4, leading to a cytokine storm and multiple organ failure in some cases.
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Enrico Brunetta et al.
Summary: In patients with severe COVID-19, elevated levels of long pentraxin PTX3 have been found to be a strong predictor of decreased survival. Myelomonocytic cells and endothelial cells in both blood and lung tissue are major sources of PTX3, with PTX3 plasma concentration serving as an independent prognostic indicator for short-term mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sayeeda Rahman et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a public health crisis, infecting millions and leading to numerous deaths. The virus spreads rapidly through direct person-to-person respiratory transmission. With no proven treatments, current clinical management focuses on symptom control, infection prevention, supportive care, and ICU support for severe cases. Developing an effective vaccine is a top priority, with some already approved for prevention.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shaohua Qi et al.
Summary: Sex differences in immune responses to COVID-19 were studied in hospitalized patients, showing that males exhibit exacerbated inflammatory responses and stronger innate immunity, while females demonstrate stronger adaptive immunity.
BIOLOGY OF SEX DIFFERENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Amirali Karimi et al.
Summary: The global pandemic of COVID-19 has posed challenges to the medical and scientific community in developing new vaccines and understanding the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Studies have shown that the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is the most robust marker for predicting COVID-19 prognosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michela Campolo et al.
Summary: Our study found that PEA-OXA can effectively reduce the impact of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats by regulating neurotrophic factors, NF-kappa B, and Nrf-2 pathways. Therefore, PEA-OXA is expected to be an adjunct therapy for chemotherapy to alleviate chronic pain in patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Qiuyue Ma et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the percentage of asymptomatic COVID-19 infections among individuals undergoing testing and those with confirmed COVID-19. The results showed the presence of asymptomatic infections in both populations.
Review
Microbiology
Haitao Yang et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to an unprecedented global health crisis, with limited therapeutic options available. Understanding the structure and function of the 29 proteins encoded by SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for developing novel therapeutics and treatment interventions. These proteins play various roles in the viral life cycle, from entry into host cells to genome replication and transcription, highlighting their potential as targets for therapeutic interventions.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Clemens Gutmann et al.
Summary: Prognostic characteristics for ICU COVID-19 patients can be determined using blood samples, with RNAemia and pentraxin-3 identified as predictors of 28-day ICU mortality. Additionally, galectin-3-binding protein is found to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and exhibit antiviral properties.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandra Lopez-Leon et al.
Summary: This study aimed to identify studies assessing the long-term effects of COVID-19, estimating that 80% of infected patients will develop one or more long-term symptoms, with the most common being fatigue, headache, attention disorder, hair loss, and dyspnea.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Andrea Doni et al.
Summary: PTX3 is a soluble pattern recognition molecule involved in the humoral innate immune system and plays a crucial role in wound repair by facilitating ECM clearance. Studies suggest that PTX3 may have a significant role in the development of IPF and could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jing Guo et al.
Summary: This study identified a strong correlation between cytokine levels and disease severity in early-stage COVID-19 patients. Serum cytokines can be used as warning indicators for the progression and severity of COVID-19. Analysis of cytokines could predict the severity and progression of COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
A. V. Raveendran et al.
Summary: Long COVID refers to the persistence of symptoms in individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, possibly related to organ damage, post viral syndrome, etc. Clinical evaluation should focus on identifying the pathophysiology and appropriate remedial measures.
DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ahmed Bilal GENC et al.
Summary: This study evaluated serum pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) levels in COVID-19 patients and found PTX-3 to be a new mortality biomarker for the disease.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuang Qi et al.
BIOSCIENCE REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chaolin Huang et al.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anton Pak et al.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2020)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jian-Min Jin et al.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2020)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Nilam Mangalmurti et al.
Review
Immunology
Vibhuti Kumar Shah et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jerome Hadjadj et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diane Marie Del Valle et al.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Zhilin Zeng et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. Rathore et al.
Review
Immunology
Remi Porte et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Immunology
Andrea Doni et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Physiology
Cecilia Garlanda et al.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2018)
Review
Immunology
Ying Jie Ma et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Barbara Bottazzi et al.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2016)
Review
Immunology
Kenji Daigo et al.
IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS
(2014)
Review
Allergy
Sebastien Jaillon et al.
INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bing Han et al.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2012)
Review
Immunology
Barbara Bottazzi et al.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 28
(2010)
Article
Immunology
Patrick C. Reading et al.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2008)
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Hematology
Silvia Bozza et al.
