期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 24, 期 15, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512104
关键词
Ceratonia siliqua; volatile components; fatty acids; carbohydrates; antioxidant; photoprotection; tyrosinase; collagenase; advanced glycation end products; skin fibroblasts
This study aimed to characterize two common Cretan carob tree cultivars by assessing their essential oil, fatty acid, and carbohydrate profiles, as well as evaluate the use of deseeded pod and seed extracts for cosmetic applications. The extracts showed antioxidant, tyrosinase- and collagenase-inhibitory activities, ability to block glucose-induced AGEs, and in some cases, UVB absorbance and photoprotective activities. Seed extracts exhibited higher activity, and 30% aqueous methanol was more efficient for extraction than n-hexane. Serial partitioning yielded fractions with enriched biological activities. These Cretan carob extracts and fractions are promising candidates for use in cosmetics.
Ceratonia siliqua L., commonly known as the carob tree, appears in most Mediterranean countries, often cultivated for the collection of its fruits to be used as food for humans and animals. This study was aimed at the phytochemical characterization of two common Cretan C. siliqua cultivars and the biological evaluation of deseeded pod and seed extracts regarding their putative use in cosmetics. Gas and liquid chromatographic techniques were used to assess their essential oil, fatty acid, and carbohydrate profiles. Cell-free assays, including free-radical scavenging; the inhibition of tyrosinase and collagenase; the blocking of advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation; along with assays in human skin fibroblast cultures, i.e., reactive oxygen species suppression, glutathione stimulation, and protection from oxidative stress and from ultraviolet (UVB) radiation, were also used. Extracts from both cultivars were found to possess antioxidant capacity, tyrosinase- and collagenase-inhibitory activities, an ability to block glucose-induced AGEs, and in certain cases, UVB absorbance and photoprotective activities. Seed extracts were in general more active, while the use of 30% aqueous methanol seemed to be more efficient than n-hexane for extraction. Serial partition of the most active extracts resulted in fractions with enriched biological activities. These properties make Cretan carob extracts and their fractions suitable candidates for use in cosmetics.
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