Nanodrugs for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review

Article Clinical Neurology

Nanoliposomes Reduce Stroke Injury Following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Saif Ahmad et al.

Summary: The study found that nanoliposomes can induce an antioxidant protective response in cells, protecting neuronal cells and reducing stroke injury in mice. Nanoliposomes may be a novel agent for the treatment of stroke.

STROKE (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Intravenous Administration of Scutellarin Nanoparticles Augments the Protective Effect against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Chang Yang et al.

Summary: This study investigates the protective effect of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with scutellarin (SCU) in reducing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The results show that SCU-PLGA NPs can increase SCU levels in the ischemic brain, reduce cerebral infarct volume, reverse histopathological changes, and attenuate cell apoptosis in the brain tissue.

MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Brain Targeting, Antioxidant Polymeric Nanoparticles for Stroke Drug Delivery and Therapy

Haoan Wu et al.

Summary: This article reports the development of multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles for stroke treatment and drug delivery. The nanoparticles can penetrate ischemic brain tissue efficiently and exhibit excellent antioxidant activity. The study demonstrates the efficacy of the nanoparticles in delivering therapeutic agents for stroke treatment.

SMALL (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Targeted delivery of fat extract by platelet membrane-cloaked nanocarriers for the treatment of ischemic stroke

Cheng Wang et al.

Summary: This study develops a biomimetic nanocarrier for precise delivery of human fat extract, which can target damaged and inflamed blood vessels and achieve rapid accumulation in the lesion area of stroke. The nanocarrier can sustainably release the fat extract, promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis, resulting in increased blood flow and neurobehavioral recovery.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Advances of nano drug delivery system for the theranostics of ischemic stroke

Wei Lv et al.

Summary: This article reviews the recent advances and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke, specifically focusing on the application of nanotechnology and the impact of the blood-brain barrier.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Cyclosporine A loaded brain targeting nanoparticle to treat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice

Daozhou Liu et al.

Summary: CsA@HFn nanoparticles have shown significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by alleviating neuron apoptosis, nerve inflammation, and blood-brain barrier damage in the ischemic area. CsA@HFn has great potential in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Brain-targeted heptapeptide-loaded exosomes attenuated ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting the transfer of healthy mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons

Wei Liu et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated that inhibition of Drp1/Fis1 interaction by EXO-Hep reduced mitochondrial damage in astrocytes, ensuring the release and transfer of healthy mitochondria, thus alleviating mitochondria-mediated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Perampanel Reduces Brain Damage via Induction of M2 Microglia in a Neonatal Rat Stroke Model

Hyo Jung Shin et al.

Summary: Ischemic stroke and neonatal ischemia are major causes of death and disability, but current treatments for perinatal ischemic stroke are lacking. This study investigated the effects of PER-loaded PLGA nanoparticles on microglia in perinatal stroke and found that they reduced inflammation and increased cell polarization. This development of a drug delivery system targeting microglia has the potential to lead to new therapeutic agents for perinatal ischemic stroke.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE (2022)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Long-Circulation and Brain Targeted Isoliquiritigenin Micelle Nanoparticles: Formation, Characterization, Tissue Distribution, Pharmacokinetics and Effects for Ischemic Stroke

Weitong Song et al.

Summary: This study designed a novel isoliquiritigenin (ISL) loaded micelle using DSPE-PEG2000 as the drug carrier modified with the brain-targeting polypeptide angiopep-2. The results showed that the ISL-M had good drug loading and encapsulation efficiency, prolonged in vivo circulation time, and enhanced accumulation in brain tissues. ISL-M ameliorated brain injury induced by ischemic stroke through inhibition of cellular autophagy and neuronal apoptosis. ISL-M showed no cellular structural damages or adverse effects on main tissues and organs.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE (2022)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Preparation of gastrodin-modified dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Wenqiang Huang et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility of a multifunctional GAS-containing nano-drug carrier system for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). The results showed that Au-G5.NHAc-PS/GAS had a good release effect and alleviated brain tissue damage to some extent.

BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Peptidomimetic Lipid-Nanoparticle-Mediated Knockdown of TLR4 in CNS Protects against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice

Tsogzolmaa Ganbold et al.

Summary: This study reports a novel lipid-nanoparticle-mediated delivery system for targeting TLR4 with siRNA, which successfully silences TLR4 in microglia and alleviates neuroinflammation. In a mouse model of ischemic stroke, this technique demonstrates significant neuroprotection.

NANOMATERIALS (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

An ischemia-homing bioengineered nano-scavenger for specifically alleviating multiple pathogeneses in ischemic stroke

Ranran Duan et al.

Summary: Designed a targeted nano-scavenger for ischemic stroke treatment by camouflaging self-assembled nanoparticles with M2 microglia membrane, releasing catalase and chelating excessive Fe2+, and possessing ischemia-homing and BBB-crossing capabilities.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Expansion of the dimensions in the current management of acute ischemic stroke

Preeti Malik et al.

Summary: Stroke as the fifth leading cause of death in the United States, with most being acute ischemic stroke (AIS), treatment breakthroughs such as IV tPA and EVT have gained attention in recent years. Ongoing trials and modifications in clinical management guidelines have led to new breakthroughs and advancements in stroke treatment.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Protein Nanoparticles Modified with PDGF-B as a Novel Therapy After Acute Cerebral Infarction

Soh Takagishi et al.

Summary: PDGF-B modified HSPNPs showed therapeutic effects on cerebral infarction by significantly reducing infarct volumes, improving neurological function, promoting neurotrophin production, and reducing cell apoptosis.

ENEURO (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Microglia exosomal miRNA-137 attenuates ischemic brain injury through targeting Notch1

Dianquan Zhang et al.

Summary: This study found that M2 microglial exosomes (BV2-Exo) were internalized by neurons, attenuating neuronal apoptosis in response to ischemic injury and reducing infarct volume and behavioral deficits in ischemic mice. Exosomal miRNA-137 played a role in this neuroprotective effect by targeting Notch1.

AGING-US (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Microglia polarization in ischemic stroke: complex mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

Jia-Hao Mao et al.

CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Attenuation of the Induction of TLRs 2 and 4 Mitigates Inflammation and Promotes Neurological Recovery After Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Koteswara Rao Nalamolu et al.

Summary: The induction of TLRs 2 and 4 persists for at least 7 days after reperfusion, contributing to the severity of acute inflammation and hindering neurological recovery. Knockdown of TLR2 and TLR4 attenuates post-ischemic inflammation, preserves motor function, and promotes the recovery of sensory and motor functions. This study in a rodent stroke model has translational significance for pharmacological interventions.

TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

A novel brain targeted plasma exosomes enhance the neuroprotective efficacy of edaravone in ischemic stroke

Lin Guo et al.

Summary: This study developed plasma exosomes containing edaravone to improve short-term functional and histological outcomes for stroke treatment. By enhancing brain targeting, safety, and bioavailability, the exosomes significantly rescued ischemic damage in brain tissue and improved neurological performance in the acute stage of stroke.

IET NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Functionalized nanoparticles with monocyte membranes and rapamycin achieve synergistic chemoimmunotherapy for reperfusion-induced injury in ischemic stroke

Yanyun Wang et al.

Summary: The developed monocyte membranes-coated rapamycin nanoparticles (McM/RNPs) have shown promise in alleviating ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation and inhibiting cell proliferation. These nanoparticles demonstrated improved targeting and therapeutic effects in animal models, with good safety profiles observed in vivo studies.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Anti-inflammatory efficacy of Berberine Nanomicelle for improvement of cerebral ischemia: formulation, characterization and evaluation in bilateral common carotid artery occlusion rat model

Roza Azadi et al.

Summary: In this study, a micelle formulation of Berberine (BBR) was investigated to improve therapeutic efficacy and its effect on inflammatory cytokine secretion in cerebral ischemia. The nano formulation showed smaller sizes with appropriate characteristics, and pretreated groups with different doses of BBR demonstrated decreased levels of inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia, with the lowest dose showing less significant effects. Ultimately, the BBR-loaded micelle formulation could be a promising protective agent for cerebral ischemia.

BMC PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Surface-modified engineered exosomes attenuated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting the delivery of quercetin towards impaired neurons

Lin Guo et al.

Summary: The study found that neuron-targeting exosomes conjugated with mAb GAP43 can deliver quercetin specifically to damaged neurons, improving neuronal survival and neurological recovery by inhibiting ROS production. Que/mAb GAP43-Exo may serve as a promising dual targeting and therapeutic drug delivery system for alleviating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Transdermal System Based on Solid Cilostazol Nanoparticles Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Brain Injury in Mice

Hiroko Otake et al.

Summary: The study designed a gel using solid CIL-NPs and demonstrated that sustained release of CIL by CIL-Ngel provided an effective treatment for ischemic stroke in MCAO/reperfusion model mice, suggesting the potential for developing novel applications of CIL solid nanoparticles.

NANOMATERIALS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Nanoparticle Delivered Anti-miR-141-3p for Stroke Therapy

Karishma Dhuri et al.

Summary: The use of anti-miR oligonucleotides delivered by nanoparticles successfully reduced levels of miR-141-3p after ischemic stroke, demonstrating potential as a treatment option for long-term disability.

CELLS (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

The neuroprotective effect of pretreatment with carbon dots from Crinis Carbonisatus (carbonized human hair) against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury

Yue Zhang et al.

Summary: CrCi-CDs has a neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury, possibly through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. This suggests that CrCi-CDs may have potential therapeutic value in treating acute stroke.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Bioengineering CXCR4-overexpressing cell membrane functionalized ROS-responsive nanotherapeutics for targeting cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Li Luo et al.

Summary: The biomimetic smart nanotherapeutics developed in this study utilize targeted technology to show significant therapeutic effects and biosafety in animal models, achieving treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating corresponding receptors and chemokines.

THERANOSTICS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Macrophage-Disguised Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles for Neuroprotection by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Modulating Inflammatory Microenvironment in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Chao Li et al.

Summary: This biomimetic nanomedicine utilizes macrophage-disguised manganese dioxide nanospheres loaded with fingolimod to target the damaged brain in ischemic stroke, reducing oxidative stress, promoting microglial transition, and ultimately enhancing neuronal survival. This new strategy offers a multitargeted combined treatment approach for ischemic stroke.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Targeted delivery of neural progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles for anti-inflammation after cerebral ischemia

Tian Tian et al.

Summary: Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and anti-inflammatory strategies are promising for reducing brain injury during reperfusion. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as therapeutic agents for immune modulation. By attaching targeting ligands onto EVs using a recombinant fusion protein, researchers were able to deliver anti-inflammatory EVs to the ischemic brain, showing promising results in suppressing inflammation.

THERANOSTICS (2021)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology