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Evolution of Vaccines Formulation to Tackle the Challenge of Anti-Microbial Resistant Pathogens

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Similarities and differences of chemical compositions and physical and functional properties of adjuvant system 01 and army liposome formulation with QS21

Carl R. R. Alving et al.

Summary: AS01 and ALFQ are two vaccine adjuvants composed of liposomes containing a mixture of natural substances. AS01 has been successfully used in malaria and shingles vaccines, while ALFQ is a similar adjuvant. We compared their chemical structures and physical characteristics and hypothesized that some side effects observed after liposome-based vaccine injections might be caused by the release of free fatty acids and lysophospholipids.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

Article Immunology

A Bivalent MAPS Vaccine Induces Protective Antibody Responses against Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A

Fan Zhang et al.

Summary: The generation of a bivalent vaccine against Vi and OSP using the Multiple Antigen Presenting System (MAPS) shows promising results in protecting against Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A infections.

VACCINES (2023)

Article Immunology

An RNA-Based Vaccine Platform for Use against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Sasha E. Larsen et al.

Summary: In this study, two delivery platforms were used to assess the efficacy of prophylactic vaccines against M.tb infection in mice. Both protein subunit- and RNA-based vaccines reduced bacterial burden and induced unique immune responses. This suggests that repRNA platforms are a viable option for TB vaccines that contain CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes.

VACCINES (2023)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A single-dose F1-based mRNA-LNP vaccine provides protection against the lethal plague bacterium

Edo Kon et al.

Summary: This study developed an effective mRNA-LNP vaccine against a lethal bacterial pathogen by optimizing mRNA payload and antigen design. The vaccine elicited immune responses and provided rapid, full protection against the bacterial infection in mice after a single dose. These findings open avenues for urgently needed effective antibacterial vaccines.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2023)

Article Immunology

Strong immune responses and protection of PcrV and OprF-I mRNA vaccine candidates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Xingyun Wang et al.

Summary: This study constructed two mRNA vaccines encoding key components of Pseudomonas, PcrV, and fusion protein OprF-I. Immunization with these mRNA vaccines elicited an immune response, reducing disease and inflammation caused by PA infection. mRNA-PcrV vaccine showed stronger immune response and higher survival rate, and the combination of mRNA-PcrV and mRNA-OprF-I had the best effect. These results suggest that mRNA-PcrV and the combination of mRNA-PcrV and mRNA-OprF-I are promising vaccine candidates for the prevention of PA infection.

NPJ VACCINES (2023)

Article Microbiology

Plasmids, a molecular cornerstone of antimicrobial resistance in the One Health era

Salvador Castañeda-Barba et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2023)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Epitope screening using Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS): An accelerated workflow for evaluation of lead monoclonal antibodies

Shaolong Zhu et al.

Summary: An accelerated HDX-MS epitope screening workflow was developed to characterize novel epitopes on the PRN antigen, demonstrating the potential for rapid epitope identification in biotherapeutic and vaccine development.

BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL (2022)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Development of an O-polysaccharide based recombinant glycoconjugate vaccine in engineered E. coli against ExPEC O1

Xiaolong Jiang et al.

Summary: ExPEC O1 is a common pathogen causing serious infections and often resistant to antibiotics. A glycoconjugate vaccine was designed to target this strain, with promising results in producing OPS antigen and bioconjugates in a glyco-optimized chassis strain, leading to successful generation of specific IgG antibodies and protection in mice against ExPEC O1 challenge. This plug-and-play glyco-optimized platform shows potential for future medical applications.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2022)

Article Immunology

GMMA as a 'plug and play' technology to tackle infectious disease to improve global health: context and perspectives for the future

Diego Piccioli et al.

Summary: GMMA technology is a platform for designing OMV-based vaccines by potentiating or deleting specific genes in engineered bacterial strains. Conjugation of antigens to GMMA is complementary to genetic manipulation for creating effective combination vaccines. Understanding the immunogenicity of GMMA is essential for developing more effective and safer vaccines for preventable diseases.

EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES (2022)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Bacteria-enabled oral delivery of a replicon-based mRNA vaccine candidate protects against ancestral and delta variant SARS-CoV-2

Vijayakumar Jawalagatti et al.

Summary: The study developed a multivalent mRNA vaccine targeting various proteins and epitopes of SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine induced favorable antibody and cellular immune responses in mice, and showed cross-protection against the delta variant. Oral immunization led to strong mucosal immune response and provided complete protection against viral replication in hamsters.

MOLECULAR THERAPY (2022)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Analysis of the COVID-19 Vaccine Development Process: an Exploratory Study of Accelerating Factors and Innovative Environments

Hugo Garcia Tonioli Defendi et al.

Summary: This study investigates the factors promoting the accelerated development of COVID-19 vaccines, focusing on technology and research and development (R&D) strategies. Breakthroughs in biotechnology and molecular biology serve as the foundation for rapid vaccine development, while parallel phases and adaptive clinical trials are key R&D strategies.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATION (2022)

Review Immunology

Towards a Four-Component GMMA-Based Vaccine against Shigella

Francesca Micoli et al.

Summary: Shigellosis is a major public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries, causing diarrhoeal disease primarily in young children. The increasing cases of Shigella with antimicrobial resistance are concerning. Currently, there are no widely available licensed vaccines against Shigella, but several candidates are being developed. This article presents the development of a potential low-cost four-component Shigella vaccine that uses GMMA technology to deliver the O-antigen to the immune system for broad protection.

VACCINES (2022)

Review Immunology

The Ongoing Journey of a Shigella Bioconjugate Vaccine

Patricia Martin et al.

Summary: Shigellosis is a serious disease that has a significant impact, especially in low-income countries. It not only causes high mortality and morbidity, but also contributes to the increase in antimicrobial resistance among travelers and military personnel. Developing a Shigella vaccine is a priority for public health, but previous efforts have been unsuccessful. Bioconjugation technology offers a promising approach for the development of a Shigella vaccine.

VACCINES (2022)

Review Engineering, Biomedical

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles as potential biological nanomaterials for antibacterial therapy

Wenlong Huang et al.

Summary: Antibiotic therapy is important, but its improper use and emergence of drug resistance have reduced its effectiveness. Therefore, developing more potent antimicrobial therapies is crucial. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by Gram-negative bacteria have been used as active agents, drug carriers, and vaccine adjuvants, showing great potential.

ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2022)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

A high-resolution multi-attribute method for product characterization, process characterization, and quality control of therapeutic proteins

Xiaoyan Guan et al.

Summary: During the manufacturing of therapeutic proteins, conventional methods may generate individual peaks that contain multiple components, causing difficulties in detection and quantification of critical quality attributes (CQAs). The Multi-Attribute Method (MAM) enables more accurate detection and quantification of specific CQAs and provides operational flexibility.

ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY (2022)

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Circular RNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants

Liang Qu et al.

Summary: This study reports a circular RNA vaccine that provides potent protection against SARS-CoV-2 by eliciting neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses. The circRNA vaccine exhibits higher and more durable antigen production compared to mRNA vaccines and shows efficacy against the current variants of concern.
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Multi-attribute characterization of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by Size-exclusion chromatography coupled with UV-MALS-RI detections

James Z. Deng et al.

Summary: Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterial infection can lead to serious diseases. Vaccines have been developed to prevent diseases caused by these bacteria. Multi-valent vaccines offer a stronger immune response in children. Size-exclusion chromatography method can be used to monitor the quality of vaccines.

VACCINE (2022)

Article Immunology

Evaluation of a recombinant five-antigen Staphylococcus aureus vaccine: The randomized, single-centre phase 1a/1b clinical trials

Feng-Cai Zhu et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant five-antigen Staphylococcus aureus vaccine in healthy adults. The vaccine was found to be safe and well-tolerated, and it elicited strong humoral and cellular immune responses. Further research and development of this vaccine are warranted.

VACCINE (2022)

Review Immunology

Oral mRNA Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases- A Bacterial Perspective [Invited]

Vijayakumar Jawalagatti et al.

Summary: The development of orally administrable mRNA vaccines is an underexplored area, despite the success of mRNA vaccines like Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna. Our group has conducted research on the possibility of oral mRNA vaccine development using the Semliki Forest viral replicon and Salmonella vehicle. We highlight the potential of oral replicon-based mRNA vaccines against infectious diseases based on our recent studies on SARS-CoV-2, and discuss the advantages and limitations of bacterial gene delivery.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Review Immunology

Development of functionally relevant potency assays for monovalent and multivalent vaccines delivered by evolving technologies

Gautam Sanyal

Summary: Potency testing is a regulatory requirement and critical quality attribute for vaccines. The definition and expectation of potency assays need to be clarified, especially for vaccines produced by new technologies. Developing immunologically relevant in vitro assays and establishing assay capabilities for multivalent vaccine products are important to ensure rapid global delivery of vaccines.

NPJ VACCINES (2022)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Exploring the potential of machine learning for more efficient development and production of biopharmaceuticals

Amita Puranik et al.

Summary: This article discusses the potential of machine learning in addressing complex issues in the biopharmaceutical industry, including development, manufacturing, analysis, and stability studies. The challenges and potential of real-time data monitoring and processing are highlighted.

BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS (2022)

Article Immunology

Phase 1/2 study of a novel 24-valent pneumococcal vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 to 64 years and in older adults aged 65 to 85 years

Gurunadh R. Chichili et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a novel 24-valent pneumococcal vaccine (ASP3772) and demonstrated that it is well tolerated and highly immunogenic, offering significantly broader protection than existing pneumococcal vaccines in adults. Older adults who received ASP3772 showed higher immune responses to several pneumococcal serotypes compared to those who received PCV13.

VACCINE (2022)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Pneumococcal Surface Protein A-Hybrid Nanoparticles Protect Mice from Lethal Challenge after Mucosal Immunization Targeting the Lungs

Douglas Borges de Figueiredo et al.

Summary: Pneumococcal disease is a global burden, and the current vaccines are becoming less effective due to serotype replacement. This study investigated the use of polymeric nanoparticles to deliver PspA, a candidate for new pneumococcal vaccines, and found that PGA-co-PDL/HCl-CS or PLGA/HCl-CS nanoparticles with encapsulated or adsorbed PspA provided serotype-independent protection.

PHARMACEUTICS (2022)

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Standard-Free Absolute Quantitation of Antibody Deamidation Degradation and Host Cell Proteins by Coulometric Mass Spectrometry

Yongling Ai et al.

Summary: This study developed a method for absolute quantitation of proteins without using standards, based on the electrochemical oxidation of surrogate peptides and mass spectrometry measurement of the peptide oxidation yield. The method was successfully applied for quantitation of multiple proteins in a mixture and for quantitation of low-level target proteins in the presence of highly abundant proteins. Additionally, the study demonstrated the unprecedented quantitative analysis of deamidated peptide products arising from a specific reaction.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Self-assembling protein nanoparticles and virus like particles correctly display β-barrel from meningococcal factor H-binding protein through genetic fusion

Luigia Cappelli et al.

Summary: Recombinant protein-based vaccines are a safer alternative to traditional vaccines. The use of self-assembling protein nanoparticles as a platform for vaccine antigen presentation enhances the production of protective antibodies.

PLOS ONE (2022)

Article Engineering, Biomedical

Therapeutic vaccination against leukaemia via the sustained release of co-encapsulated anti-PD-1 and a leukaemia-associated antigen

Xiaoling Xie et al.

Summary: In this study, co-encapsulation of a leukaemia-associated epitope peptide and anti-PD-1 antibody in degradable microcapsules led to sustained release and improved therapeutic outcomes in mouse models. The recruitment of activated antigen-presenting cells, expansion of epitope-specific T cells, and activation of cytotoxic T cells were enhanced by this strategy.

NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (2021)

Review Biochemical Research Methods

Research advances in hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry for protein epitope mapping

Haofeng Sun et al.

Summary: With the advancement of biomedical technology, protein epitope mapping has become crucial for developing and evaluating new protein drugs. The application of hydrogen-deuterium exchange for protein epitope mapping shows great potential, yet systematic reviews on this technology are limited. Despite some challenges, the technology offers significant advantages in research progress.

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Quantitative assessment of C-polysaccharide in capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae by 31PNMR

Raine Garrido et al.

Summary: This study presents an improved quantitative P-31-NMR methodology for the quantification of C-polysaccharide in capsular polysaccharide preparations, allowing discrimination between phosphocholine residues linked in different positions. The method was successfully applied to samples of vaccine serotypes, showing good quantification performance with a signal/noise ratio of 16:1. Repeatability and intermediate precision evaluation demonstrated the method's stability, while also providing information on the structural identity of phosphate contained in capsular polysaccharides and C-polysaccharide species.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Antibody Binding of HIV-1 V1/V2 Glycopeptide-Bacteriophage Qβ Conjugates as a Vaccine Candidate

Guanghui Zong et al.

Summary: The study synthesized HIV-1 V1V2 glycopeptide-Q beta conjugates as a mimic of the proposed neutralizing epitope of PG9, showing significantly enhanced affinity for the PG9 antibody, depending on the density of the glycopeptide antigen display. These conjugates represent a promising candidate for an HIV-1 vaccine.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Safety and immunogenicity of an adjuvanted Escherichia coli adhesin vaccine in healthy women with and without histories of recurrent urinary tract infections: results from a first-in-human phase 1 study

Gary R. Eldridge et al.

Summary: This study focused on developing a vaccine to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. The phase 1 trial showed good tolerability and immunogenicity of the vaccine, leading to the initiation of a phase 2 trial.

HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2021)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Bacterial-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles are Potent Adjuvants that Drive Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses

J. Timothy Prior et al.

Summary: OMVs have the potential to function as a stand-alone adjuvant, driving stronger immune responses compared to heat-inactivated and live-attenuated bacteria. They induce robust humoral and cellular immune responses, generating stronger antibody and B cell responses than traditional adjuvants, while remaining unaffected by pre-existing antibodies.

PHARMACEUTICS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

NMR characterization of a multi-valent conjugate vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis A, C, W, Y and Haemophilus influenzae b infections

Francesco Berti

Summary: Physicochemical technologies, particularly high-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, are powerful tools for the structural characterization of vaccine antigens. NMR spectroscopy has been extensively applied for tracking the industrial manufacturing process of carbohydrate-based vaccines and for identity and stability analyses of multivalent conjugate vaccines.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS (2021)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Quantification of residual cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium deoxycholate (DOC) in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharide using NMR

Suresh Beri et al.

Summary: The study discusses the use and quantification of CTAB and DOC in the purification process of Hib polysaccharide, providing supporting data for vaccine manufacturers to develop analytical methods in compliance with regulatory requirements.

BIOLOGICALS (2021)

Review Microbiology

The role of vaccines in combatting antimicrobial resistance

Francesca Micoli et al.

Summary: The use of antibiotics has successfully treated bacterial infections, but the emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a global threat. Vaccines used prophylactically can play a major role in fighting antimicrobial resistance by reducing infectious disease cases and antibiotic use.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

An in silico deep learning approach to multi-epitope vaccine design: a SARS-CoV-2 case study

Zikun Yang et al.

Summary: The study introduces an in silico deep learning approach, DeepVacPred, for designing a multi-epitope vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, predicting and evaluating potential vaccine subunits, and ultimately constructing a 694aa multi-epitope vaccine that shows promise in combating the viral infection.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Virus-like particles: preparation, immunogenicity and their roles as nanovaccines and drug nanocarriers

Saghi Nooraei et al.

Summary: Virus-like particles (VLPs) are virus-derived structures without genetic material, able to self-assemble and mimic viruses, utilized in candidate vaccines and successful applications in targeted drug delivery and gene therapy. Modifying the surface of VLPs for increased specificity and longevity in specific cells or tissues may enhance their future use.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

Stability of Outer Membrane Vesicles-Based Vaccines, Identifying the Most Appropriate Methods to Detect Changes in Vaccine Potency

Elena Palmieri et al.

Summary: Research has shown that high temperature conditions do not affect the stability and immunogenicity of GMMA, but longer periods of low temperature conditions may have an impact. Monitoring critical quality attributes during stability assessment is crucial for vaccine efficacy.

VACCINES (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Towards Higher Sensitivity of Mass Spectrometry: A Perspective From the Mass Analyzers

Chang Li et al.

Summary: This review discusses the latest developments in mass analyzers to improve the sensitivity of mass spectrometers. The advantages and limitations of different mass analyzers and their combinations are compared and discussed. It provides guidance for the selection of suitable mass spectrometers in chemical and biological analytical applications.

FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

mRNA-lipid nanoparticle COVID-19 vaccines: Structure and stability

Linde Schoenmaker et al.

Summary: The current mRNA-lipid nanoparticle COVID-19 vaccines require storage at low temperatures due to instability. Improving mRNA nucleotide composition, understanding the impact of mRNA environment within LNPs, and exploring drying techniques can enhance vaccine stability.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS (2021)

Review Immunology

World in motion - emulsion adjuvants rising to meet the pandemic challenges

Derek T. O'Hagan et al.

Summary: Emulsion adjuvants like MF59 and AS03 have been widely used in vaccines for over 20 years, showing effectiveness, safety, and ease of manufacturing. They allow for antigen dose sparing, rapid immune responses, and enhanced quality and quantity of adaptive immune responses. These adjuvants induce distinct immunological responses, including a mixed T cell response, long-lived plasma cells, and high titers of cross-neutralizing antibodies.

NPJ VACCINES (2021)

Review Immunology

Looking beyond meningococcal B with the 4CMenB vaccine: the Neisseria effect

Yara Ruiz Garcia et al.

Summary: The 4CMenB vaccine elicits immune responses against non-B meningococcal serogroups and N. gonorrhoeae, with real-world evidence showing risk reductions of 69% for meningococcal serogroup W disease and 40% for gonorrhea after immunization.

NPJ VACCINES (2021)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Emerging concepts in the science of vaccine adjuvants

Bali Pulendran et al.

Summary: Adjuvants are vaccine components that enhance the immune response. Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms and systems vaccinology have revitalized the science and development of novel adjuvants for use in vaccines against COVID-19 and future pandemics.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2021)

Review Chemistry, Analytical

Microneedles: A New Generation Vaccine Delivery System

Ipshita Menon et al.

Summary: Transdermal vaccination using biodegradable microneedles is a rapidly growing field that offers pain-free and efficient vaccine delivery, as well as advantages such as avoiding cold-chain storage. Despite its promising future, addressing limitations such as dosing inadequacy, stability, and sterility is crucial for successful use of microneedles in vaccine delivery.

MICROMACHINES (2021)

Article Immunology

Antibodies Elicited by the Shigella sonnei GMMA Vaccine in Adults Trigger Complement-Mediated Serum Bactericidal Activity: Results From a Phase 1 Dose Escalation Trial Followed by a Booster Extension

Francesca Micoli et al.

Summary: The Shigella 1790GAHB candidate vaccine, developed using GMMA technology, showed good tolerability and immunogenicity in early clinical trials. Serum bactericidal activity testing revealed that vaccinees had antibody activity, while placebo recipients did not. SBA titers increased with OAg dose, with a persistent response observed up to six months after receiving at least 1.5/25 μg of OAg/protein. Booster dose resulted in a strong increase of SBA titers in most primed participants, with a correlation between SBA titers and anti-S. sonnei LPS serum immunoglobulin G levels. The results suggest that GMMA is a promising OAg delivery system for generating functional antibody responses and persistent immunological memory.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Protein-based antigen presentation platforms for nanoparticle vaccines

Brian Nguyen et al.

Summary: Modern vaccine design is moving towards minimalization, isolating antigens from pathogens to create safer vaccines. To combat global diseases, such as COVID-19, malaria, and AIDS, more effective next-generation vaccines are urgently needed. One approach to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines involves using nanoparticle platforms to present antigens repetitively on their surface, improving antigen presenting cell uptake and B-cell activation.

NPJ VACCINES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Epitope Mapping of Polyclonal Antibodies by Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS)

Susanne Stander et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates the use of HDX-MS to map epitopes recognized by polyclonal antibody samples and identifies immunogenic regions on the target antigen. The results suggest that HDX-MS can provide unique insights into the binding impact of the entire set of polyclonal antibodies present in blood samples after vaccination, aiding in the design of improved vaccines against viruses or bacteria.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Delivery of Vaccine Adjuvants and Antigens: Toward Multicomponent Vaccines

Despo Chatzikleanthous et al.

Summary: Despite the progress in vaccine adjuvants, there are still unmet needs for vaccines against challenging pathogens like HIV, tuberculosis, and cancer. Liposomes have shown to be effective as adjuvant/delivery systems and have potential for further use in vaccine development, as seen in recent COVID-19 vaccines. This review outlines different approaches for lipid-based vaccine adjuvant/delivery systems and how they can be combined to develop multicomponent vaccines.

MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS (2021)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Adjuvants: friends in vaccine formulations against infectious diseases

G. G. Guerrero Manriquez et al.

Summary: Infectious diseases are a major cause of death worldwide, with no effective vaccines or treatments against intracellular pathogens currently available. The search for other safe and effective alternatives, such as adjuvants in vaccines, has become important in the battle against superbugs and antibiotic resistance.

HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2021)

Review Immunology

GMMA-Based Vaccines: The Known and The Unknown

Francesca Mancini et al.

Summary: GMMA, as a vaccine platform, demonstrates strong immunogenicity and protection in animal models and clinical studies. However, further investigation is required to understand its mechanism of action and role as an adjuvant.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine Research and Development: The Past, Present and Future, Including Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Jonah Clegg et al.

Summary: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant human pathogen with high antibiotic resistance, necessitating the development of new interventions like vaccines and new antibiotics. Current research is focused on discovering novel vaccine formulations and correlates of protection, as well as developing bacteriophages, monoclonal antibodies, centyrins, and new classes of antibiotics. The complex nature of the diseases caused by this pathogen will require a multi-faceted approach using various interventions.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery

Xucheng Hou et al.

Summary: Lipid nanoparticle-mRNA formulations have successfully entered clinical use as COVID-19 vaccines, representing a major milestone in mRNA therapeutics. This review discusses the design of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery, emphasizing key points for clinical translation and preclinical studies of lipid nanoparticle-mRNA therapeutics for various diseases.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2021)

Review Immunology

Nanoalum adjuvanted vaccines: small details make a big difference

Arianna Raponi et al.

Summary: Purified vaccine antigens offer safety advantages compared to live vaccines, but adjuvants like aluminum salts are needed to induce the required immune response. By reducing aluminum particle size from micro to nanometers, a more effective adjuvant can be obtained, with the ability to sterile filter the vaccine product.

SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the Shigella sonnei 1790GAHB GMMA candidate vaccine: Results from a phase 2b randomized, placebo-controlled challenge study in adults

Robert W. Frenck Jr et al.

Summary: This study evaluated a Shigella sonnei GMMA candidate vaccine in adults using a controlled human infection model. The vaccine had an acceptable safety profile and induced anti-LPS IgG responses, but did not show clear clinical efficacy against shigellosis. Further vaccine development may require an increased S. sonnei O-antigen content to enhance anti-LPS immune responses.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

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The expanding role of mass spectrometry in the field of vaccine development

Vaneet Kumar Sharma et al.

MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS (2020)

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Combining immunoprofiling with machine learning to assess the effects of adjuvant formulation on human vaccine-induced immunity

Sidhartha Chaudhury et al.

HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2020)

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Glycoconjugate vaccines: some observations on carrier and production methods

Thomas E. MacCalman et al.

Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Reviews (2020)

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Mucosal vaccines: Strategies and challenges

Miao Li et al.

IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS (2020)

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Army Liposome Formulation (ALF) family of vaccine adjuvants

Carl R. Alving et al.

EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES (2020)

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Technical Considerations for Use of Oligonucleotide Solution API

Jale Muslehiddinoglu et al.

NUCLEIC ACID THERAPEUTICS (2020)

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Lipid nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery: Current perspectives

Eleni Samaridou et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2020)

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Recent advancements in liposome technology

Nina Filipczak et al.

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Bacterial outer membrane vesicles as a platform for biomedical applications: An update

Min Li et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2020)

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Florian Krammer

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Alternative Methods of Vaccine Delivery: An Overview of Edible and Intradermal Vaccines

Elena Criscuolo et al.

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Emerging Strategies to Combat ESKAPE Pathogens in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review

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FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

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PROTEIN SCIENCE (2019)

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Glycoconjugate vaccines: current approaches towards faster vaccine design

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EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES (2019)

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Release of Staphylococcus aureus extracellular vesicles and their application as a vaccine platform

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The role of vaccines in fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

Kathrin U. Jansen et al.

HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2018)

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Immunology and efficacy of MF59-adjuvanted vaccines

Eun-Ju Ko et al.

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Yue Liu et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2018)

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EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES (2017)

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Structure of a protective epitope of group B Streptococcus type III capsular polysaccharide

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