Overview of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women and girls of reproductive age

Over 50% of pregnant women are anemic and the majority of these are iron deficient. Micronutrient deficiency, the symptom of heavy menstrual bleeding in nonpregnant individuals, and loss of blood associated with pregnancy and obstetric delivery contribute to iron deficiency (ID). Poor outcomes with low maternal iron can affect not only the pregnancy but can also have major bearings on the offspring. Correction of ID and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant and prepregnant populations with single-dose intravenous iron supplementation may offer improved outcomes. A harmonization process that incorporates all major randomized controlled trials studying the use of single-dose IV iron compared with oral iron may suggest actions for changing the global trajectory of ID/IDA for women and girls of reproductive age.

Automated summary

Over 50% of pregnant women suffer from anemia, mainly due to iron deficiency. Micronutrient deficiency, heavy menstrual bleeding in nonpregnant individuals, and blood loss during pregnancy and delivery all contribute to iron deficiency. Low maternal iron levels can have negative impacts on both the pregnancy and the offspring. Single-dose intravenous iron supplementation may be a better option for correcting iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in pregnant and prepregnant populations, potentially improving outcomes. By harmonizing major randomized controlled trials comparing single-dose IV iron with oral iron, changes in the global trajectory of iron deficiency/anemia for women and girls of reproductive age could be suggested.