Induction of more aggressive tumoral phenotypes in LNCaP and PC3 cells by serum exosomes from prostate cancer patients

Article Urology & Nephrology

Evaluating the role of extracellular vesicles as a biomarker under transmission electron microscope in prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia patients

Vibhore Agarwal et al.

Summary: EVs are heterogeneous encapsulated nanoparticles generated by biological cells, and an increase in their number in PCa can modulate the function of recipient cells, potentially serving as a biomarker.

UROLOGIA JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

RelB promotes the migration and invasion of prostate cancer DU145 cells via exosomal ICAM1 in vitro

Wenjing Li et al.

Summary: RelB confers aggressiveness to prostate cancer cells. This study identifies ICAM1 as the key molecule regulated by RelB in exosomes, which promotes prostate cancer progression through cell-cell communication.

CELLULAR SIGNALLING (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Sex steroid hormones in urinary exosomes as biomarkers for the prediction of prostate cancer

Liuxi Chu et al.

Summary: This study found that exosomal sex steroid hormones in urine can be used as biomarkers for predicting prostate cancer. Several sex steroid hormones in urine exosomes can not only distinguish prostate cancer patients from healthy controls, but also differentiate between patients with mild and severe prostate cancer. A combination of selected biomarkers achieved high accuracy and predictive ability.

CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effective Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Based on mRNAs From Urinary Exosomes

Jiahua Gan et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic value of candidate genes (ERG, PCA3, ARV7, PSMA, CK19, and EpCAM) in urinary exosomes. The results showed that the expression of these genes in urinary exosomes was significantly increased in patients with prostate cancer and was closely correlated with the Gleason score. Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that these genes in urinary exosomes could distinguish patients with prostate cancer from healthy individuals.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Pathology

Gleason grade 5 prostate cancer: sub-patterns and prognosis

Chantal Atallah et al.

Summary: Several modifications have been made to the Gleason grading system, including the definition and reporting of GP5, with the addition of sub-patterns over time. The presence of GP5 indicates an unfavorable prognosis, but there is a lack of data on the prognostic impact of individual GP5 sub-patterns.

PATHOLOGY (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The biology, function, and applications of exosomes in cancer

Jinyi Liu et al.

Summary: Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that play essential roles in intercellular communication, cancer progression, and drug delivery. They have potential applications in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and research.

ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B (2021)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes

Sangiliyandi Gurunathan et al.

Summary: Exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles secreted by cells, which play important roles in intercellular communication and disease diagnosis. Research on exosomes has great potential in biomedical fields, but the underlying biological mechanisms require further exploration.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of Exosomes in Prostate Cancer Metastasis

Theresa Akoto et al.

Summary: Prostate cancer is a life-threatening disease among men globally, with metastasis being the major cause of mortality. Cell-to-cell communication plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer, with exosomes/extracellular vesicles demonstrating significant involvement in signaling pathways related to metastasis.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: From Current Knowledge to the Role of Metabolomics and Exosomes

Stefano Salciccia et al.

Summary: Early detection of prostate cancer relies on PSA levels, but it lacks the ability to distinguish between benign and clinically significant forms of the disease. New urinary and serum biomarkers have been developed, but specific guidelines on their use are currently lacking.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Oncology

More Than Meets the Eye: Scientific Rationale behind Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Targeting of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) in Metastatic Prostate Cancer and Beyond

Anniina Hyvakka et al.

Summary: PSMA is a promising target for imaging and therapies in prostate cancer, but its role in disease progression is still poorly understood. Further research is needed to develop more effective therapeutic approaches.

CANCERS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A Systematic Review of Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Genitourinary Cancer

Kosuke Takemura et al.

Summary: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a membrane-bound enzyme that plays a critical role in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH) and has been proposed as a potential biomarker for carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Elevated serum GGT activity may indicate an increased risk of developing genitourinary cancers, such as prostate cancer.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

AMPK/SIRT1 signaling through p38MAPK mediates Interleukin-6 induced neuroendocrine differentiation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells

Sirisha Natani et al.

Summary: IL-6 promotes neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of prostate cancer cells through activation of AMPK and SIRT1, and modulation of eNOS and NO levels, ultimately leading to p38MAPK signaling. Targeting p38MAPK can mitigate NED of prostate cancer cells, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for NEPC.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Pathology

Exosomes derived from colon cancer cells and plasma of colon cancer patients promote migration of SW480 cells through Akt/mTOR pathway

Honglin Pang et al.

Summary: The exosomes derived from colon cancer cells and plasma of colon cancer patients were found to promote the migration of SW480 cells, which is associated with the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway activity could attenuate the migration of SW480 cells.

PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Diagnostic potential of serum extracellular vesicles expressing prostate-specific membrane antigen in urologic malignancies

Kyojiro Kawakami et al.

Summary: The study developed a sandwich ELISA for detection of PSMA-EVs using highly-purified EVs isolated from serum by Tim4. Results suggest that PSMA-EVs may be useful for diagnosing and monitoring not only PC but also RCC and possibly other hypervascular solid tumors.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Anatomy & Morphology