Engineering and application of polysaccharides and proteins-based nanobiocatalysts in the recovery of toxic metals, phosphorous, and ammonia from wastewater: A review

Global waste production is anticipated reach to 2.59 billion tons in 2030, thus accentuating issues of environ-mental pollution and health security. 37 % of waste is landfilled, 33 % is discharged or burned in open areas, and only 13.5 % is recycled, which makes waste management poorly efficient in the context of the circular economy. There is, therefore, a need for methods to recycle waste into valuable materials through the resource recovery process. Progress in the field of recycling is strongly dependent on the development of efficient, stable, and reusable yet inexpensive catalysts. In this case, growing attention has been paid to the development and application of nanobiocatalysts with promising features. The main purpose of this review paper is to: (i) intro-duce nanobiomaterials and describe their effective role in the preparation of functional nanobiocatalysts for the recourse recovery aims; (ii) provide production methods and the efficiency improvement of nanobaiocatalysts; (iii) give a comprehensive description of valued resource recovery for reducing toxic chemicals from the contaminated environment; (iv) describe various technologies for the valued resource recovery; (v) state the limitation of the valued resource recovery; (vi) and finally economic importance and current scenario of nanobiocatalysts strategies applicable for the resource recovery processes.

Automated summary

Global waste production is expected to reach 2.59 billion tons by 2030, exacerbating environmental pollution and health safety issues. The inefficient waste management in the circular economy is characterized by 37% landfilling, 33% open discharge or burning, and only 13.5% recycling. Therefore, there is a need for methods to recycle waste into valuable materials through resource recovery, which depends heavily on the development of efficient and reusable nanobiocatalysts.