Smart G-quadruplex hydrogels: From preparations to comprehensive applications

In recent years, the accelerated development of G-quadruplexes and hydrogels has driven the development of intelligent biomaterials. Based on the excellent biocompatibility and special biological functions of G-quadruplexes, and the hydrophilicity, high-water retention, high water content, flexibility and excellent biodegradability of hydrogels, G-quadruplex hydrogels are widely used in various fields by combining the dual advantages of G-quadruplexes and hydrogels. Here, we provide a systematic and comprehensive classification of G-quadruplex hydrogels in terms of preparation strategies and applications. This paper reveals how G-quadruplex hydrogels skillfully utilize the special biological functions of G-quadruplexes and the skeleton structure of hydrogels, and expounds its applications in the fields of biomedicine, biocatalysis, biosensing and biomaterials. In addition, we deeply analyze the challenges in preparation, applications, stability and safety of G-quadruplex hydrogels, as well as potential future development directions.

Automated summary

In recent years, the development of G-quadruplexes and hydrogels has led to the advancement of intelligent biomaterials. By combining the biocompatibility and biological functions of G-quadruplexes with the hydrophilicity, high-water retention, flexibility, and biodegradability of hydrogels, G-quadruplex hydrogels have found wide applications in various fields. This paper provides a systematic classification of G-quadruplex hydrogels based on preparation strategies and applications, and discusses their utilization of biological functions and structure in biomedicine, biocatalysis, biosensing, and biomaterials. The challenges and future development directions of G-quadruplex hydrogels in terms of preparation, applications, stability, and safety are also analyzed.