Electrochemical Detection of Flutamide by the Composite of Complex Based on Thiacalix[4]arene Derivatives and Reduced Graphene Oxide

Inthis paper, a thiacalix[4]arene complex [Zn-2(TIT4A)L-2]& BULL;4DMF & BULL;2CH(3)OH (H2L = 4,4 & PRIME;-oxybisbenzoicacid) (Zn-TIT4A-L) was synthesized by a solvothermal method. The compositeswere prepared by combining Zn-TIT4A-L with reduced graphene oxide(RGO), mesoporous carbon (MC), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs),respectively. Three representative composites are Zn-TIT4A-L@RGO(1:1),Zn-TIT4A-L@MC(1:2), and Zn-TIT4A-L@MWCNT(1:2). X-ray diffraction andscanning electron microscopy characterized their structures and morphologies.The results showed that three composites were successfully prepared,and the crystals of the complex remained in the composites. The electrochemicalproperties of the composites were characterized by electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The results indicatedthat they had good electrocatalytic activity and conductivity. Amongthem, Zn-TIT4A-L@RGO(1:1) had the best performance and was used forthe quantitative detection of flutamide (FTA). The linear range ofdetection is 0.1-200 & mu;M, and the limit of detection is0.015 & mu;M. At the same time, the sensor also had good reproducibility,anti-interference, and stability. The sensor was also used for thedetection of FTA in lake water, human urine, and serum with a satisfactoryrecovery rate. The possible mechanism of electrochemical detectionof FTA was also discussed. Zn-TIT4A-Land RGO are combined to form a Zn-TIT4A-L@RGO(1:1)/GCEsensor which can be used to detect FTA with high sensitivity.

Automated summary

In this study, a thiacalix[4]arene complex [Zn-2(TIT4A)L-2]·4DMF·2CH(3)OH was synthesized and combined with reduced graphene oxide (RGO), mesoporous carbon (MC), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to prepare three representative composites. The composites exhibited good electrocatalytic activity and conductivity, with Zn-TIT4A-L@RGO(1:1) showing the best performance. This composite was utilized for the quantitative detection of flutamide (FTA), demonstrating a linear detection range of 0.1-200 μM and a detection limit of 0.015 μM. The sensor also displayed good reproducibility, anti-interference, and stability, and successfully detected FTA in lake water, human urine, and serum with satisfactory recovery rates. The mechanism of electrochemical detection of FTA was discussed.