Are metal-free pristine carbon nanotubes electrocatalytically active?

Metal-free (i.e., residual metallic impurities-blocked) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) do show electrocatalytic activity for H-2 evolution, O-2 evolution and O-2 reduction reactions (HER, OER & ORR) in alkaline solutions, but their activities strongly depend on the number of walls or inner tubes with a maximum for CNTs with 2-3 walls.