4.6 Article

Outlier-Robust Gaze Signal Filtering Framework Based on Eye-Movement Modality Recognition and Set-Membership Approach

期刊

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
卷 70, 期 8, 页码 2463-2474

出版社

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2023.3249233

关键词

Eye-gaze tracking; eye-movement modality recognition; gaze movement model; gaze data filtering; outliers; zonotope set-membership filter

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This study proposes an eye-movement modality-based zonotope set-membership filtering framework (EM-ZSMF) to reduce noise and eliminate outliers in gaze signals. The framework consists of an eye-movement modality recognition model (EG-NET), an eye-movement modality-based gaze movement model (EMGM), and a zonotope set-membership filter (ZSMF). The proposed framework achieved excellent performance in recognizing eye-movement modalities and filtering gaze signals.
Objective: High-quality gaze signals are crucial in many biomedical fields that utilize them. However, the limited studies on gaze signal filtering can hardly address the outliers and non-Gaussian noise in gaze data simultaneously. Our objective is to design a generic filtering framework capable of reducing the noise and eliminating outliers of the gaze signal. Methods: In this study, we design an eye-movement modality-based zonotope set-membership filtering framework (EM-ZSMF) to suppress the noise and outliers of the gaze signal. This framework consists of an eye-movement modality recognition model (EG-NET), an eye-movement modality-based gaze movement model (EMGM), and a zonotope set-membership filter (ZSMF). The eye-movement modality determines the EMGM, and the ZSMF combined with the EMGM completes the filtering of the gaze signal. Moreover, this study establishes an eye-movement modality and gaze filtering dataset (ERGF) that can be utilized for the evaluation of future work integrating eye-movement modality with gaze signal filtering. Results: The eye-movement modality recognition experiments demonstrated that our proposed EG-NET achieved the best Cohen's kappa compared with previous studies. The gaze data filtering experiments showed that the proposed EM-ZSMF reduced the gaze signal noise and eliminated outliers effectively, and achieved the best performance (RMSEs and RMS) compared with previous methods. Conclusion: The proposed EM-ZSMF effectively recognizes eye-movement modalities, reduces gaze signal noise and, eliminates outliers. Significance: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to simultaneously solve the problem of non-Gaussian noise and outliers in gaze signals. The proposed framework has the potential for application in any eye image-based eye trackers and contributes to the development of eye-tracking technology.

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