Bioconjugated persistent luminescence nanoparticles for Foster resonance energy transfer immunoassay of prostate specific antigen in serum and cell extracts without in situ excitation

A novel Foster resonance energy transfer (FRET) immunoassay based on persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNP) was established for prostate specific antigen (PSA) detection in serum and cell extracts without in situ excitation. The specific FRET behavior allows highly selective and sensitive ratiometric photoluminescent detection of PSA in biological samples.