Performance of Bioremediation Strategy in Waste Lubricating Oil Pollutants: A Review

The rapid growth of industrialization commences the utilization of lubrication oil in various machinery and automobile sectors. Waste Lubricating Oil (WLO) is the used oil which is released by industries and vehicles as a waste product. The toxicity of WLO is due to the lubricants of the machine associated with asphaltene content, residual carbons, heavy metals, and other dirt materials. The elemental content of WLO is calcium, magnesium, lead, iron, and chromium, containing 1020, 367, 16, 36, and 180 ppm, respectively. These oils are usually generated from motor garages, accidents, cement industry, textile industry, and food industry, mining industry, etc. Disposal of WLO directly into the environment, especially rivers, seas, and lakes, causes serious problems. WLO containing heavy metals and toxic hydrocarbon pollutants has various impacts on the soil by reducing water holding capacity, moisture content, activities of microorganisms etc. As a result, it has a negative effect on human health by triggering disorders in a wide range of human organs. When these metallic wastes come into touch with the skin, it both irritates and sensitizes it. It has also several impacts on aquatic life, such as a decrease in fertility rate and growth of aquatic animals. Physicochemical methods can't recommend the treatment of WLO due to the involvement of secondary pollutants allied with these processes. Bioremediation can be effectively applied to the management of waste lubricating oil pollutants by utilizing natural or enhanced microbial activity to degrade and transform the contaminants present in the oil. In order to address the issues with traditional approaches, this review concentrated on the origins and key pollutants of WLO, its effects on humans and the environment, and the need of a sustainable bioremediation plan.

Automated summary

The rapid growth of industrialization has led to the increased use of lubrication oil in machinery and automobile sectors. Waste Lubricating Oil (WLO) is the used oil released by industries and vehicles as waste. WLO is toxic due to the presence of asphaltene content, residual carbons, heavy metals, and other dirt materials. Disposing WLO directly into the environment causes serious problems, such as negative impacts on soil and aquatic life, and health disorders in humans. Bioremediation, utilizing microbial activity, is an effective approach for managing WLO pollutants.