Mineral-organic interactions drive the aging and stabilization of exogenous Pb in soils

The interactions of soil components have profound impacts on the speciation, bioavailability and transformation of heavy metals. However, these interactions have not been well included in multi-surface model (MSM) as most of the models adopt component additive method. Here, an incubation experiment was conducted with three contrasting soils spiked with 200 mg/kg Pb and rice straw to investigate the impact of mineral-organic in-teractions on Pb speciation and to validate the MSM for Pb in soils. With the aid of chemical extraction and instrumental analysis (XANES and SEM-EDS), the results show that metal oxides and soil organic matter are the main scavengers for Pb, accounting for the stabilization of exogenous Pb by -40% -80% and -13% -30%, respectively. The accumulation of the most stable residual Pb was driven by Fe/Al oxides, which was fostered by organic matter through the formation of amorphous Fe/Al oxides. Unexpectedly, the introduction of straw promoted the activation of metal oxides and the competition from Fe/Al/Ca ions reduced the binding of Pb by soil organic matter. Simulation of organic-Fe/Al/Ca interactions largely improved the accuracy of the MSM model results for the prediction of Pb speciation distribution. Overall, this study highlights that mineral-organic interactions play important role in the stabilization of exogenous Pb in soils, while incorporate of these in-teractions into MSM is recommended in future heavy metal studies.

Automated summary

The interactions between soil components have significant effects on the speciation, bioavailability, and transformation of heavy metals, however, these interactions have not been well considered in multi-surface models. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of mineral-organic interactions on lead (Pb) speciation and confirm the validity of the multi-surface model for Pb in soils. The results showed that metal oxides and soil organic matter were the main scavengers for Pb, and the introduction of straw promoted the activation of metal oxides, while the competition from Fe/Al/Ca ions reduced the binding of Pb by soil organic matter. Incorporating organic-Fe/Al/Ca interactions improved the accuracy of the multi-surface model for predicting Pb speciation distribution.