4.7 Review

Improving the carbon resistance of iron-based oxygen carrier for hydrogen production via chemical looping steam methane reforming: A review

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Summary: Chemical looping water-splitting (CLWS) technology is an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly method for hydrogen production. The key lies in selecting suitable oxygen carriers (OCs). This review discusses recent advances in designing OCs and emphasizes the crucial parameters that determine their redox performance and future challenges.

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Summary: This study investigates the effect of potassium (K) on the flowability of bio-slag in a reducing gas environment at temperatures ranging from 900 to 1400 degrees Celsius. The flow rate of bio-slag was compared to that of coal slag using the inclined plate method. It was found that the presence of K2O and Al2O3 in bio-slag favors the formation of solid KAlSi2O6, resulting in a lower flow rate compared to coal slag, which is rich in CaO and Al2O3 and favors the formation of molten species. Additional K in bio-ash was found to enhance the flow rate, but it was still lower than that of coal slag due to the superiority of Ca2+ over K+ in promoting bio-slag flow. The use of CaO as a flux additive and monitoring the flow rates of bio-slag in low-angle locations within the furnace are recommended for practical applications.

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Summary: The potential for carbon deposition over metallic Fe0 severely hampers the enhancement of methane-to-syngas selectivity through chemical looping technology. However, the in-situ formed CeFexAl1_xO3 over ceria-hexaaluminate was found to greatly improve carbon resistance even in the presence of Fe0. This CeFexAl1_xO3/Fe0/hexaaluminate sandwich-like structure provided a convenient pathway for CeFexAl1_xO3 as an oxygen pool to supply sufficient oxygen for timely oxidation of carbon over adjacent Fe0, resulting in outstanding carbon resistance and high CH4 conversion.

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