期刊
FOREST PATHOLOGY
卷 -, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/efp.12823
关键词
blue-stain; Diplodia shoot blight; Diplodia tip blight; non-native tree species; Pinus sylvestris; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Scots pine
类别
Climate change poses severe pressures to European conifer forests, and using non-native tree species like Douglas fir is a proposed strategy for forest management. However, the cultivation of non-native trees can be impaired by novel forest health risks. This study discovered that the opportunistic pathogen Diplodia sapinea, which can infect both Douglas fir and Scots pine, contributed to the death of large Douglas fir trees in Eastern Austria, indicating a potential severe threat to the cultivation of Douglas fir in European forestry.
Climate change poses severe pressures to European conifer forests. Using non-native tree species, such as Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), is one proposed strategy to circumvent adverse effects for forest management. However, novel forest health risks can impair the cultivation of non-native trees. In 2022, we observed large Douglas fir trees (approximately 40-50 years old, diameter at breast height (dbh) 21-41 cm) that had recently died in spring or summer 2022 in three forest stands in Eastern Austria. Intensive resin flow, blue-staining of the sapwood and the absence of bark- and wood-boring insects indicated a fungal infection. Isolations from blue-stained sapwood of the dead trees consistently yielded cultures of the opportunistic pathogen Diplodia sapinea. In a greenhouse wound inoculation experiment, seven D. sapinea isolates obtained from Douglas fir caused phloem necrosis, blue-staining of sapwood and mortality and thus displayed pathogenicity towards seedlings of both Ps. menziesii and its common host, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Diplodia sapinea produced significantly longer areas of blue-stain as well as higher and faster mortality in Ps. menziesii compared to P. sylvestris. We conclude that D. sapinea substantially contributed to the death of seven of the 13 examined large Douglas fir trees. While this fungus has been described as a pathogen of young Douglas fir trees before, this is the first report that it can potentially kill large individuals of this conifer species under drought conditions. Thus, our results indicate that D. sapinea could represent a severe threat to the cultivation of Ps. menziesii in European forestry.
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