Revisiting the spawning fraction of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) caught in the Sea of Japan based on diurnal changes in spawning markers

The spawning fraction (SF) is an important reproductive trait used to assess the reproductive potential of indeterminate spawning fishes. To estimate the SF more accurately, the durations of spawning markers in ovaries need to be determined. The SF of the Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (PBF) in the Sea of Japan (SOJ) is higher than the SFs in its other main spawning grounds. The present study aimed to revisit the SF of the PBF in the SOJ by focusing on diurnal changes in spawning markers and estimating the duration of spawning markers in PBF ovaries. According to diurnal changes in the postovulatory follicle (POF) degeneration process and final maturation process of oocytes, POFs were observed in ovaries up to 38.5 h after ovulation. The revisited total SF throughout the spawning season was 0.34-0.43 in Area 1 and 0.50-0.64 in Area 2; these values are smaller than the SF previously estimated in the SOJ. The estimated SF of the PBF in the present study was equal to or slightly higher than that in the water between the Nansei Islands, Japan, and the northeast of the Philippines and higher than that in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition area.

Automated summary

The present study aimed to reassess the spawning fraction (SF) of the Pacific bluefin tuna in the Sea of Japan by determining the duration of spawning markers in the ovaries. The observations of postovulatory follicles showed that they were present up to 38.5 hours after ovulation. The revisited SF values were smaller than the previously estimated SF in the Sea of Japan.